Oenothera curtiflora |
Oenothera lavandulifolia |
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lizard-tail, small-flower bee-blossom, small-flower gaura, velvet weed |
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Habit | Herbs annual, strigillose, glandular puberulent, and long-villous; from heavy taproot, 2–4 cm diam. | Herbs perennial, densely strigillose throughout, sometimes glandular puberulent distally; from a stout taproot. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or many-branched distally, (20–)30–200(–300) cm. |
several to many, decumbent to ascending, branched, 4–20(–30) cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–15 × 1.5–3 cm, petiole 0–1.8 cm, blade broadly oblanceolate, margins sinuate-dentate to dentate; cauline 2–13 × 0.5–5 cm, petiole 0–2 cm, blade narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, margins sinuate-dentate to dentate. |
0.6–5 × 0.08–0.6 cm, fascicles of small leaves 0.2–1 cm often present in non-flowering axils; petiole 0 cm; blade narrowly lanceolate or narrowly oblanceolate, base attenuate to truncate, sometimes clasping, margins entire or subentire, sometimes revolute, sometimes weakly undulate, apex acute to obtuse. |
Inflorescences | relatively long, dense. |
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Flowers | 4-merous, nearly actinomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 1.5–5 mm; sepals 2–3.5 mm; petals white, fading pale to dark pink, slightly unequal, oblong-obovate to elliptic-oblanceolate, 1.5–3 mm, abruptly clawed; filaments 1.5–3 mm, anthers 0.5–1 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 3–9 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
usually 1 per stem opening per day near sunset; buds with free tips 0.3–3 mm; floral tube 25–60 mm, funnelform in distal 1/2 or less; sepals 8–20 mm; petals yellow, fading pale pink or pale purple, 12–28 mm; filaments 6–12 mm, anthers 5–11 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 30–75 mm, stigma yellow, quadrangular, usually exserted beyond anthers. |
Capsules | fusiform, terete, weakly angled in distal 1/3, angles becoming broad and rounded in proximal part, 5–11 × 1.5–3 mm, tapering abruptly toward base; sessile. |
6–25 × 1–3 mm, hard, promptly dehiscent throughout their length. |
Seeds | 3 or 4, reddish brown, 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm. |
obovoid, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera curtiflora |
Oenothera lavandulifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Oct. | Flowering Apr–Aug. |
Habitat | Rocky prairie slopes, woodlands, along streams, roadsides, disturbed areas. | Local and sparse, on sandy and rocky, calcareous soil, high plains, mountains, often with Artemisia tridentata, Cercocarpus, Juniperus, Pinus edulis, or P. monophylla, sometimes in lower zones with Larrea, or in higher zones with P. ponderosa. |
Elevation | 10–2800 m. (0–9200 ft.) | 600–2800 m. (2000–9200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MN; MO; MT; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WY; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Zacatecas) [Introduced in South America (Argentina), Asia (China, Japan), Australia]
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AZ; CO; KS; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; WY; Mexico (Nuevo León) |
Discussion | Oenothera curtiflora is self-compatible and autogamous (P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory 1972[1973]). Sometimes it is apparently a biennial. The species is native to grassland regions and open areas across much of interior North America. The full extent of its indigenous range is not clear and collections from the eastern half of the United States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Massachusetts, and Tennessee) and California may be more recent introductions. Gaura mollis Nuttall ex Torrey 1827 is an isonym of G. mollis E. James 1822, a suppressed name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera lavandulifolia is known from southern Fall River County, South Dakota, southeastern Wyoming, and far western Nebraska, through western Kansas, Colorado, eastern and southern Utah, northwestern Oklahoma, and the Texas Panhandle to trans-Pecos Texas, central New Mexico, northern and central Arizona, and eastern Nevada. It also occurs in Nuevo León, Mexico, and may be more widespread in northern Mexico. H. F. Towner (1977) found that O. lavandulifolia is self-incompatible and vespertine. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Schizocarya | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Calylophus > subsect. Salpingia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gaura parviflora, G. australis, G. hirsuta, G. micrantha, G. parviflora var. lachnocarpa, Schizocarya micrantha | Calylophus hartwegii subsp. lavandulifolius, C. hartwegii var. lavandulifolius, C. lavandulifolius, Galpinsia lavandulifolia, G. lavandulifolia var. glandulosa, O. hartwegii var. lavandulifolia, O. lavandulifolia var. glandulosa |
Name authority | W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 211. (2007) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 501. (1840) — (as lavandulaefolia) |
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