Oenothera curtiflora |
Oenothera clelandii |
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lizard-tail, small-flower bee-blossom, small-flower gaura, velvet weed |
Cleland's evening primrose |
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Habit | Herbs annual, strigillose, glandular puberulent, and long-villous; from heavy taproot, 2–4 cm diam. | Herbs biennial, densely to sometimes sparsely strigillose, or also sparsely glandular puberulent distally. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or many-branched distally, (20–)30–200(–300) cm. |
sometimes with lateral branches arising obliquely from rosette, 20–70(–100) cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–15 × 1.5–3 cm, petiole 0–1.8 cm, blade broadly oblanceolate, margins sinuate-dentate to dentate; cauline 2–13 × 0.5–5 cm, petiole 0–2 cm, blade narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, margins sinuate-dentate to dentate. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 5–16 × 0.5–1.5 cm, cauline 2–12 × 0.5–2 cm; blade narrowly oblanceolate, gradually narrowly elliptic to narrowly lanceolate distally, margins lobed to remotely dentate or subentire; bracts slightly longer than capsule they subtend. |
Inflorescences | relatively long, dense. |
dense, without lateral branches, mature buds usually not overtopping spike apex. |
Flowers | 4-merous, nearly actinomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 1.5–5 mm; sepals 2–3.5 mm; petals white, fading pale to dark pink, slightly unequal, oblong-obovate to elliptic-oblanceolate, 1.5–3 mm, abruptly clawed; filaments 1.5–3 mm, anthers 0.5–1 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 3–9 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
2–several per spike opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect, 0.5–2 mm; floral tube slightly curved upward to± straight, 15–40 mm; sepals 6–13 mm; petals yellow, broadly elliptic to rhombic-ovate, 5–16 mm; filaments 4–18 mm, anthers 2–3.5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 20–40 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | fusiform, terete, weakly angled in distal 1/3, angles becoming broad and rounded in proximal part, 5–11 × 1.5–3 mm, tapering abruptly toward base; sessile. |
narrowly lanceoloid, 10–20 ×2–3 mm. |
Seeds | 3 or 4, reddish brown, 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm. |
brown, sometimes flecked with dark red spots, ellipsoid, 1–1.9 × 0.4–0.8 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera curtiflora |
Oenothera clelandii |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Oct. | Flowering Jun–Aug(–Sep). |
Habitat | Rocky prairie slopes, woodlands, along streams, roadsides, disturbed areas. | Fields, prairies, sandy soil. |
Elevation | 10–2800 m. (0–9200 ft.) | 150–300 m. (500–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MN; MO; MT; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WY; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Zacatecas) [Introduced in South America (Argentina), Asia (China, Japan), Australia]
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AR; IA; IL; IN; KY; MI; MN; MO; NJ; NY; VA; WI; ON
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Discussion | Oenothera curtiflora is self-compatible and autogamous (P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory 1972[1973]). Sometimes it is apparently a biennial. The species is native to grassland regions and open areas across much of interior North America. The full extent of its indigenous range is not clear and collections from the eastern half of the United States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Massachusetts, and Tennessee) and California may be more recent introductions. Gaura mollis Nuttall ex Torrey 1827 is an isonym of G. mollis E. James 1822, a suppressed name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera clelandii is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Some localities in the easternmost states may represent introductions, primarily occurring in disturbed areas along roads and railroad lines. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Schizocarya | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Candela |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gaura parviflora, G. australis, G. hirsuta, G. micrantha, G. parviflora var. lachnocarpa, Schizocarya micrantha | |
Name authority | W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 211. (2007) | W. Dietrich, P. H. Raven & W. L. Wagner: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 70: 196. (1983) |
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