Oenothera cinerea |
Oenothera rhombipetala |
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high-plains beeblossom, woolly beeblossom |
fourpoint evening primrose |
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Habit | Herbs suffrutescent, densely soft-villous, hairs mostly appressed, 2–3 mm, becoming less villous distally, also strigillose, rarely glandular puberulent or hispidulous, plant parts grayish green; from deep, twisted, woody rootstock. | Herbs biennial, densely to sparsely strigillose, sometimes also sparsely glandular puberulent distally. | ||||
Stems | erect, several-branched near ground, also branched proximal to inflorescences, 60–280 cm. |
sometimes with lateral branches arising obliquely from rosette, 30–100(–150) cm. |
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Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, 0.5–8 × 0.15–2 cm, sessile, blade narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate to very narrowly elliptic or linear, margins usually subentire or shallowly sinuate-dentate, sometimes deeply sinuate-dentate, often undulate. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 6–20 × 0.6–2 cm, cauline 3–15 × 0.8–2.5 cm; blade narrowly oblanceolate, gradually narrowly elliptic to narrowly lanceolate, oblanceolate, or ovate distally, margins lobed to remotely dentate or subentire; bracts slightly longer than capsule they subtend. |
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Inflorescences | slender. |
dense, usually without lateral branches, mature buds usually not overtopping spike apex. |
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Flowers | 4-merous, zygomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 1.5–5 mm; sepals 6–14 mm; petals white, fading pink to red, slightly unequal, elliptic, 7–13 mm, clawed; stamens presented in lower 1/2 of flower, filaments 4.5–11 mm, anthers 2–4.5 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 9–19 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
2–several per spike opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect, 0.5–3 mm; floral tube slightly curved upward to ± straight, 30–45 mm; sepals 15–30 mm; petals yellow, broadly elliptic to rhombic-elliptic, 15–35 mm; filaments 13–25 mm, anthers 3–8 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 25–50 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
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Capsules | lanceoloid to narrowly ovoid, 4-winged, 9–19 × 1–3.5 mm, abruptly constricted to a long, sterile stipe 2–10 mm. |
narrowly lanceoloid, 13–25 × 2.5–3 mm. |
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Seeds | (1 or)2–4, 2–3(–4) × 0.8–1.3 mm, yellowish to light brown or rarely reddish brown. |
brown, sometimes flecked with dark red spots, ellipsoid, 1–1.7 × 0.4–0.7 mm. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Oenothera cinerea |
Oenothera rhombipetala |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Fields, prairies, sandy soil. | |||||
Elevation | 60–600(–1300) m. (200–2000(–4300) ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
sc United States
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AR; CO; IL; KS; MI; MN; MO; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; WI
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) determined Oenothera cinerea to be self-incompatible. The two subspecies recognized here have disjunct distributions but are very similar morphologically. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera rhombipetala is primarily a central plains species that has scattered localities in the Midwest to Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, and barely entering the easternmost parts of Colorado and New Mexico. Oenothera rhombipetala had a broader delimitation (P. A. Munz 1965) until W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner (1988) divided it into three species (O. clelandii, O. curtissii, and O. rhombipetala), with both of the split-off species being PTH. Evidence gathered by Dietrich and Wagner showed that these PTH species are geographically separated populations of small-flowered plants, and although they are very close morphologically, their distributions and morphological differences suggest that they were each derived independently from O. rhombipetala. Oenothera rhombipetala is self-incompatible. Oenothera pyramidalis H. Léveillé is a superfluous name and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Gaura cinerea | O. heterophylla var. rhombipetala, O. leona, Raimannia rhombipetala | ||||
Name authority | (Wooton & Standley) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 211. (2007) | Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 493. (1840) | ||||
Web links |