Oenothera cespitosa |
Oenothera capillifolia |
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fragrant evening-primrose, tuft evening-primrose |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, acaulescent or caulescent, usually hirsute or villous, usually also glandular puberulent, or exclusively strigillose, rarely glabrous; from stout taproot, sometimes lateral roots producing adventitious shoots. | Herbs perennial (short-lived or, sometimes, suffrutescent) or annual, glabrous or strigillose; from a stout taproot. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | (when present), usually ascending or decumbent, unbranched or branched from near base, 0–40 cm. |
1–many, weakly decumbent to ascending or erect, unbranched to moderately branched, (10–)25–80 cm. |
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Leaves | 1.7–26(–36) × (0.3–)0.5–4.5(–6.5) cm; petiole (0.2–)1.7–11(–14) cm; blade usually oblanceolate to rhombic or spatulate, rarely elliptic, obovate, lanceolate, or linear-oblanceolate, margins irregularly sinuate-dentate, serrate, pinnatifid, lobed, or subentire, apex usually acute to rounded, rarely acuminate. |
1–9 × (0.1–)0.3–1 cm, sometimes fascicles of small leaves to 2 cm present in non-flowering axils; petiole 0–0.6 cm; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, often folded lengthwise, usually not much reduced distally, proximalmost leaves sometimes spatulate, base attenuate, margins subentire or serrulate or spinulose-serrate, apex acute. |
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Flowers | 1–4(–6) per stem opening per day near sunset, with moderate to strong sweet scent with a rubbery background scent; buds usually erect, rarely recurved (during early development); floral tube (20–)40–140(–165) mm; sepals (15–)18–45(–54) mm; petals white, fading rose or rose pink to dark or deep rose purple, or pink to pale or light rose, or lavender, obovate or obcordate, (16–)20–50(–60) mm; filaments (6–)10–30(–35) mm, anthers (6–)9–17(–20) mm; style (45–)60–180(–185) mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
opening at sunrise; buds with free tips 0–4 mm; floral tube 5–20 mm; sepals 4–12 mm, midribs keeled; petals yellow, fading orangish to purplish, 6–25 mm; antisepalous filaments 2–8 mm, antipetalous filaments 1–4 mm, anthers 2–7 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 9–30 mm, stigma sometimes blue-black, discoid to quadrangular, exserted beyond anthers. |
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Capsules | straight, curved, falcate, or sigmoid, usually cylindrical to lanceoloid or ellipsoid, sometimes ovoid, usually obtusely 4-angled, (10–)13–50(–68) × 4–9 mm, tapering to a sterile beak 6–8 mm, valve margins with rows of distinct tubercles to sinuate or nearly smooth ridges, dehiscent 1/3–7/8 their length; pedicel (0–)1–40(–55) mm. |
10–35 × 1–2 mm, hard, dehiscent 1/2 their length, often tardily dehiscent throughout their length. |
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Seeds | numerous in 1 or 2 rows per locule, usually obovoid, oblong, or triangular, rarely suborbicular, 2.1–3.9 × 1–2.6 mm, embryo 1/5–2/3 of seed volume, surface papillose, reticulate or rarely irregularly roughened; seed collar sealed by a thin membrane, this flat or depressed into raphial cavity, when depressed often splitting, becoming separated from seed collar. |
obovoid, 1–1.8 mm, sharply angled, apex truncate. |
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2n | = 14, 28. |
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Oenothera cespitosa |
Oenothera capillifolia |
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Distribution |
w North America; nw Mexico
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c United States; sc United States; n Mexico |
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Discussion | Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora). Oenothera cespitosa occurs in a wide array of habitats, from grassland, desert scrub, pinyon-juniper woodland, or Arizona chaparral to montane conifer forests, rarely at timberline, at elevations from (450–)800–3370 m. Oenothera cespitosa is self-incompatible (W. L. Wagner et al. 1985; Wagner 2005). Pachylophus nuttallii Spach is an illegitimate name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Oenothera capillifolia is self-incompatible (H. F. Towner 1977). Oenothera berlandieri (Spach) Steudel 1841, not D. Dietrich 1840, is superfluous and cannot be used in Oenothera when transferred from Calylophus, and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Pachylophus | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Calylophus > subsect. Calylophus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Pachylophus cespitosus | Meriolix capillifolia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Nuttall: Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana, no. 53. (1813) | Scheele: Linnaea 21: 576. (1848) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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