Oenothera cespitosa subsp. marginata |
Oenothera cespitosa |
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fragrant evening-primrose |
fragrant evening-primrose, tuft evening-primrose |
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Habit | Herbs caulescent or acaulescent, usually moderately to densely hirsute and glandular puberulent, rarely exclusively glandular puberulent. | Herbs perennial, acaulescent or caulescent, usually hirsute or villous, usually also glandular puberulent, or exclusively strigillose, rarely glabrous; from stout taproot, sometimes lateral roots producing adventitious shoots. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | usually unbranched, rarely with 1–several branches from near base, 10–40 cm. |
(when present), usually ascending or decumbent, unbranched or branched from near base, 0–40 cm. |
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Leaves | (2.8–)10–26(–36) × (0.6–)1–3(–4.5) cm; petiole (3–)4–11(–14) cm; blade usually oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, rarely lanceolate, margins coarsely and irregularly pinnately lobed to dentate or, rarely, serrate. |
1.7–26(–36) × (0.3–)0.5–4.5(–6.5) cm; petiole (0.2–)1.7–11(–14) cm; blade usually oblanceolate to rhombic or spatulate, rarely elliptic, obovate, lanceolate, or linear-oblanceolate, margins irregularly sinuate-dentate, serrate, pinnatifid, lobed, or subentire, apex usually acute to rounded, rarely acuminate. |
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Flowers | floral tube (41–)80–140(–165) mm; sepals (22–)34–45(–54) mm; petals fading pink to lavender, (24–)35–50(–60) mm; filaments (16–)20–30(–35) mm, anthers (10–)12–17(–20) mm; style (78–)100–150(–185) mm. |
1–4(–6) per stem opening per day near sunset, with moderate to strong sweet scent with a rubbery background scent; buds usually erect, rarely recurved (during early development); floral tube (20–)40–140(–165) mm; sepals (15–)18–45(–54) mm; petals white, fading rose or rose pink to dark or deep rose purple, or pink to pale or light rose, or lavender, obovate or obcordate, (16–)20–50(–60) mm; filaments (6–)10–30(–35) mm, anthers (6–)9–17(–20) mm; style (45–)60–180(–185) mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
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Capsules | straight, cylindrical to, sometimes, lanceoloid-cylindrical, slightly asymmetrical, (21–)25–50(–68) × 6–8 mm, valve margins with minute to conspicuous tubercles, these sometimes coalesced into a sinuate ridge; pedicel (0–)1–40(–55) mm. |
straight, curved, falcate, or sigmoid, usually cylindrical to lanceoloid or ellipsoid, sometimes ovoid, usually obtusely 4-angled, (10–)13–50(–68) × 4–9 mm, tapering to a sterile beak 6–8 mm, valve margins with rows of distinct tubercles to sinuate or nearly smooth ridges, dehiscent 1/3–7/8 their length; pedicel (0–)1–40(–55) mm. |
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Seeds | usually narrowly to broadly obovoid, rarely suborbicular, 2.2–3.4 × 1.1–2.6 mm, embryo 1/5–1/2 of seed volume, surface appearing longitudinally striate, reticulate under magnification; seed collar large, usually appearing inflated, sealed by a flat membrane which is often slightly depressed into seed collar cavity, margin entire or obscurely sinuate distally. |
numerous in 1 or 2 rows per locule, usually obovoid, oblong, or triangular, rarely suborbicular, 2.1–3.9 × 1–2.6 mm, embryo 1/5–2/3 of seed volume, surface papillose, reticulate or rarely irregularly roughened; seed collar sealed by a thin membrane, this flat or depressed into raphial cavity, when depressed often splitting, becoming separated from seed collar. |
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2n | = 14. |
= 14, 28. |
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Oenothera cespitosa subsp. marginata |
Oenothera cespitosa |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Aug. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Rocky slopes, cracks in rocks, talus, along gravelly creek beds and arroyos, roadcuts in loose to somewhat compacted soil derived from granite, sandstone, limestone, volcanic cinder, rarely shale, mostly in foothill communities of pinyon-juniper woodlands, big sagebrush scrub, chaparral, grasslands, openings in ponderosa pine forests. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | (400–)1200–2300(–3100) m. ((1300–)3900–7500(–10200) ft.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; NM; NV; OR; TX; UT; WA; WY; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora) |
w North America; nw Mexico
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Discussion | Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora). Oenothera cespitosa occurs in a wide array of habitats, from grassland, desert scrub, pinyon-juniper woodland, or Arizona chaparral to montane conifer forests, rarely at timberline, at elevations from (450–)800–3370 m. Oenothera cespitosa is self-incompatible (W. L. Wagner et al. 1985; Wagner 2005). Pachylophus nuttallii Spach is an illegitimate name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | O. marginata, Anogra longiflora, O. cespitosa subsp. eximia, O. cespitosa var. eximia, O. cespitosa var. longiflora, O. cespitosa var. marginata, O. eximia, O. idahoensis, Pachylophus cylindrocarpus, P. exiguus, P. eximius, P. longiflorus, P. marginatus, P. prolatus | Pachylophus cespitosus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Nuttall ex Hooker & Arnott) Munz in N. L. Britton et al.: N. Amer. Fl., ser. 2, 5: 101. (1965) — (as caespitosa) | Nuttall: Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana, no. 53. (1813) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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