Oenothera cespitosa subsp. cespitosa |
Oenothera cespitosa subsp. crinita |
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butte primrose, fragrant evening primrose, rock rose |
cespitose evening-primrose |
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Habit | Herbs acaulescent or short-caulescent, glabrous or densely strigillose or hairs sometimes ± spreading, rarely sparsely glandular puberulent on flower parts. | Herbs acaulescent or caulescent, densely hirsute, also sparsely glandular puberulent. |
Stems | (if present) usually unbranched, rarely with 1–several short laterals, 0–6(–21) cm. |
unbranched to many-branched, and then sometimes producing dense clumps 5–50 cm diam., 2–14 cm. |
Leaves | (2.8–)7–16(–21) × (0.3–)1–3(–5) cm; petiole (1–)3–7(–10) cm; blade obovate to linear-oblanceolate, margins coarsely and irregularly serrate or dentate, sometimes pinnately lobed or subentire. |
1.7–10(–18) × (0.3–)0.5–2.5(–3.4) cm; petiole (0.2–)3–5(–8) cm; blade usually oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, rarely obovate, margins subentire, sinuate, or dentate to pinnatifid. |
Flowers | floral tube (20–)40–60(–85) mm; sepals (15–)24–35(–40) mm; petals fading rose pink to dark rose purple, (16–)25–40(–48) mm; filaments (12–)15–24(–26) mm, anthers 9–12 mm; style (45–)60–120 mm. |
floral tube (28–)35–75(–85) mm; sepals (15–)18–25(–27) mm; petals fading rose or sometimes deep rose purple, (16–)20–30(–35) mm; filaments (6–)10–17(–20) mm, anthers 6–8(–10) mm; style (45–)60–90(–105) mm. |
Capsules | falcate or sigmoid, becoming nearly straight at maturity, asymmetrical and often somewhat flattened, lanceoloid to ovoid, (10–)20–40(–50) × 4–6 mm, valve margins with prominent, sinuate ridge with 5–10 peaks, or nearly distinct tubercles; pedicel 0.5–3 mm. |
usually falcate or sigmoid, especially when young, also somewhat flattened, ellipsoid-ovoid to lanceoloid, 10–31(–34) × 4–9 mm, valve margins with 8–15 tubercles or these coalesced into a sinuate ridge; pedicel 0.5–1 mm. |
Seeds | narrowly obovoid, 2.5–3.9 × 1.2–1.7 mm embryo 1/2–2/3 of seed volume, surface papillose; seed collar oblong, membrane depressed deeply into raphial cavity, margin usually sinuate only distally, sometimes sinuate throughout. |
obovoid, oblong, or ± triangular, 2.9–3.5 × 1.1–2 mm, embryo 1/2–2/3 of seed volume, surface papillose, reticulate or very minutely roughened; seed collar membrane depressed and often splitting, becoming separated from collar at maturity, margin conspicuously sinuate throughout, surface often ribbed, ribs forming partial or complete vertical partitions in collar. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14, 28. |
Oenothera cespitosa subsp. cespitosa |
Oenothera cespitosa subsp. crinita |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul(–Aug). | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Scattered or forming colonies in open sites, loose to hard, compacted clay, sandy soil, rocky slopes of shale, volcanic, or fine sandstone, gumbo flats, badlands, bluffs, exposed rocky ridges, roadcuts, grasslands, sagebrush, shadscale scrub, exposed sites in montane conifer forests. | Open sites, compacted or loose soil derived from dolomite, limestone, tufa, or marble, exposed knolls, gravelly benches, steep slopes, scree, rocky mesas, rocky arroyos, from mountain summits in alpine or subalpine communities with Pinus longaeva and P. flexilis or pinyon-juniper woodlands to Great Basin or Mojave Desert shrub communities dominated by Artemisia, Atriplex confertifolia, Coleogyne, Hilaria, Lycium. |
Elevation | 800–3100 m. (2600–10200 ft.) | 1100–3400 m. (3600–11200 ft.) |
Distribution |
CO; ID; MT; ND; NE; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; MB; SK |
AZ; CA; NV; UT |
Discussion | Subspecies crinita is the most polymorphic subspecies of Oenothera cespitosa; it is also the least understood. W. L. Wagner et al. (1985) grouped two series of populations that appear to intergrade together within the limits of this subspecies. One population is a morphologically relatively uniform form characterized by a many-branched habit, which may form dense clumps to 50 cm diameter, leaves that are 2–7 cm, floral tubes 25–60 mm and petals that fade to a rose color, and it occurs at high elevations on rocky, limestone sites or at lower elevations on extreme, chalky, white limestone and dolomite substrates or sometimes scree slopes. A more common form occurs at low to mid elevations in pinyon-juniper woodlands to Great Basin or Mojave Desert scrub on rocky slopes, talus, or along arroyos that is much less compact with one to several clustered rosettes, rarely more, with leaves 8–16 cm, floral tubes 45–75 mm, and petals that fade rose purple. The common form also grows on limestone and dolomite but, unlike the clumped form, it does not seem to be restricted to it. To compound the problem, many foothill and valley populations of subsp. crinita intergrade extensively with subspp. cespitosa and marginata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. cespitosa subsp. montana, O. cespitosa var. montana, O. cespitosa subsp. purpurea, O. cespitosa var. purpurea, O. marginata var. purpurea, O. montana, O. scapigera, Pachylophus canescens, P. glaber, P. montanus | Pachylophus crinitus, O. cespitosa var. crinita, O. cespitosa subsp. jonesii, O. cespitosa var. jonesii, O. cespitosa var. stellae |
Name authority | unknown | (Rydberg) Munz in N. L. Britton et al.: N. Amer. Fl., ser. 2, 5: 100. (1965) — (as caespitosa) |
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