Oenothera capillifolia |
Oenothera longissima |
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long evening primrose, long-stem evening-primrose |
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Habit | Herbs perennial (short-lived or, sometimes, suffrutescent) or annual, glabrous or strigillose; from a stout taproot. | Herbs biennial or short-lived perennial, sparsely strigillose, sometimes also villous and with pustulate hairs near inflorescence, sometimes also glandular puberulent. | ||||
Stems | 1–many, weakly decumbent to ascending or erect, unbranched to moderately branched, (10–)25–80 cm. |
erect, usually flushed with red proximally or sometimes green, unbranched or with branches obliquely arising from base, secondary branches arising from main stem, 60–300 cm. |
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Leaves | 1–9 × (0.1–)0.3–1 cm, sometimes fascicles of small leaves to 2 cm present in non-flowering axils; petiole 0–0.6 cm; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, often folded lengthwise, usually not much reduced distally, proximalmost leaves sometimes spatulate, base attenuate, margins subentire or serrulate or spinulose-serrate, apex acute. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 9–40 × 1.4–5 cm, cauline 5–22 × 0.8–2.5 cm; blade dull green, flat, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, or narrowly lanceolate, margins bluntly dentate or subentire, teeth widely spaced; bracts persistent. |
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Inflorescences | open, erect, unbranched. |
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Flowers | opening at sunrise; buds with free tips 0–4 mm; floral tube 5–20 mm; sepals 4–12 mm, midribs keeled; petals yellow, fading orangish to purplish, 6–25 mm; antisepalous filaments 2–8 mm, antipetalous filaments 1–4 mm, anthers 2–7 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 9–30 mm, stigma sometimes blue-black, discoid to quadrangular, exserted beyond anthers. |
opening near sunset; buds erect, 5–9 mm diam., with free tips terminal, erect, 2–6 mm; floral tube deciduous after anthesis, 60–135 mm; sepals yellowish green, flushed with some red or red to dark red throughout, 25–55 mm; petals yellow to pale yellow, fading orange or pale yellow, very broadly obcordate, 28–65 mm; filaments 20–40 mm, anthers 14–20 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 90–180 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
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Capsules | 10–35 × 1–2 mm, hard, dehiscent 1/2 their length, often tardily dehiscent throughout their length. |
erect or slightly spreading, dull green or gray-green when dry, narrowly lanceoloid, 25–55 × 4–9 mm, free tips of valves 1–2(–3) mm. |
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Seeds | obovoid, 1–1.8 mm, sharply angled, apex truncate. |
1–1.9 × 0.6–1.2 mm. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Oenothera capillifolia |
Oenothera longissima |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Sep(–Oct). | |||||
Habitat | Seasonally moist sites, sandy or sandy-loam soil, sites with high alkalinity or associated with limestone, along desert washes, streams, seeps, roadsides. | |||||
Elevation | 800–2800 m. (2600–9200 ft.) | |||||
Distribution | c United States; sc United States; n Mexico |
AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; UT
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Oenothera capillifolia is self-incompatible (H. F. Towner 1977). Oenothera berlandieri (Spach) Steudel 1841, not D. Dietrich 1840, is superfluous and cannot be used in Oenothera when transferred from Calylophus, and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera longissima has plastome I and a AA genome composition. Oenothera longissima is known from northern and western Arizona, Inyo, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino counties in California, Delta and Montezuma counties in Colorado, eastern Nevada, San Juan County in New Mexico, and southern Utah. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Calylophus > subsect. Calylophus | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Oenothera | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Meriolix capillifolia | O. clutei, O. longissima subsp. clutei, O. longissima var. clutei | ||||
Name authority | Scheele: Linnaea 21: 576. (1848) | Rydberg: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 65. (1913) | ||||
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