Oenothera capillifolia |
Oenothera jamesii |
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trumpet evening primrose |
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Habit | Herbs perennial (short-lived or, sometimes, suffrutescent) or annual, glabrous or strigillose; from a stout taproot. | Herbs biennial or winter-annual, usually predominately and densely strigillose, sometimes also villous with scattered, appressed hairs, rarely with a few pustulate hairs, inflorescence sometimes also glandular puberulent. | ||||
Stems | 1–many, weakly decumbent to ascending or erect, unbranched to moderately branched, (10–)25–80 cm. |
erect, usually green, rarely flushed with red, unbranched or with branches arising obliquely from rosette and secondary branches arising from main stem, 60–180 cm. |
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Leaves | 1–9 × (0.1–)0.3–1 cm, sometimes fascicles of small leaves to 2 cm present in non-flowering axils; petiole 0–0.6 cm; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, often folded lengthwise, usually not much reduced distally, proximalmost leaves sometimes spatulate, base attenuate, margins subentire or serrulate or spinulose-serrate, apex acute. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 10–30 × 2.5–5 cm, cauline 4–20 × 1–5 cm; blade dull green, flat, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, or narrowly lanceolate, margins bluntly dentate or subentire, teeth widely spaced; bracts persistent. |
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Inflorescences | erect, usually unbranched, rarely with few lateral branches. |
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Flowers | opening at sunrise; buds with free tips 0–4 mm; floral tube 5–20 mm; sepals 4–12 mm, midribs keeled; petals yellow, fading orangish to purplish, 6–25 mm; antisepalous filaments 2–8 mm, antipetalous filaments 1–4 mm, anthers 2–7 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 9–30 mm, stigma sometimes blue-black, discoid to quadrangular, exserted beyond anthers. |
opening near sunset; buds erect, 7–12 mm diam., with free tips terminal, erect, 0.5–3 mm; floral tube persistent on ovary after anthesis, (60–)80–120(–160) mm; sepals yellowish green, red-striped to red throughout, 30–55 mm; petals yellow, fading orange or pale yellow, very broadly obcordate, 40–50 mm; filaments 23–30 mm, anthers 12–22 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 90–170(–200) mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
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Capsules | 10–35 × 1–2 mm, hard, dehiscent 1/2 their length, often tardily dehiscent throughout their length. |
erect or slightly spreading, dull green or gray-green when dry, narrowly lanceoloid, 20–50 × 6–12 mm, free tips of valves 2.5–5 mm. |
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Seeds | obovoid, 1–1.8 mm, sharply angled, apex truncate. |
1–1.2 × 0.7–1.3 mm. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Oenothera capillifolia |
Oenothera jamesii |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Sep(–Oct). | |||||
Habitat | Sandy stream banks, ditches, moist areas, cultivated areas, disturbed roadsides. | |||||
Elevation | (30–)300–1800 m. ((100–)1000–5900 ft.) | |||||
Distribution | c United States; sc United States; n Mexico |
KS; OK; TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Puebla) [Introduced in e Asia (Japan), s Africa, Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands)] |
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Oenothera capillifolia is self-incompatible (H. F. Towner 1977). Oenothera berlandieri (Spach) Steudel 1841, not D. Dietrich 1840, is superfluous and cannot be used in Oenothera when transferred from Calylophus, and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera jamesii has plastome I and a AA genome composition; it is known in the flora area from southern Kansas (Clark County), central Oklahoma, and Texas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Calylophus > subsect. Calylophus | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Oenothera | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Meriolix capillifolia | Onagra jamesii, O. communis var. jamesii | ||||
Name authority | Scheele: Linnaea 21: 576. (1848) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 493. (1840) | ||||
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