Oenothera capillifolia |
Oenothera havardii |
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Havard's evening primrose |
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Habit | Herbs perennial (short-lived or, sometimes, suffrutescent) or annual, glabrous or strigillose; from a stout taproot. | Herbs compact to sprawling, strigillose; from a taproot, lateral roots producing adventitious shoots. | ||||
Stems | 1–many, weakly decumbent to ascending or erect, unbranched to moderately branched, (10–)25–80 cm. |
usually many-branched, sometimes unbranched, often twining among vegetation, sometimes rooting at nodes, 5–25(–70) cm. |
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Leaves | 1–9 × (0.1–)0.3–1 cm, sometimes fascicles of small leaves to 2 cm present in non-flowering axils; petiole 0–0.6 cm; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, often folded lengthwise, usually not much reduced distally, proximalmost leaves sometimes spatulate, base attenuate, margins subentire or serrulate or spinulose-serrate, apex acute. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal usually quickly deciduous, (1–)2–5 × (0.2–)0.5–1.5 cm; petiole 0–0.6 cm; blade oblanceolate, linear-lanceolate to linear distally, margins few toothed to pinnately lobed to sinuate-dentate distally. |
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Flowers | opening at sunrise; buds with free tips 0–4 mm; floral tube 5–20 mm; sepals 4–12 mm, midribs keeled; petals yellow, fading orangish to purplish, 6–25 mm; antisepalous filaments 2–8 mm, antipetalous filaments 1–4 mm, anthers 2–7 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 9–30 mm, stigma sometimes blue-black, discoid to quadrangular, exserted beyond anthers. |
1–few opening per day near sunset; buds often twisted, free tips coherent; floral tube (37–)45–60(–65) mm; sepals (16–)18–26(–30) mm; petals lemon-yellow, fading orange-red to reddish purple, usually elliptic, sometimes oblanceolate, (18–)21–30(–32) mm; filaments 15–18(–22) mm, anthers red, 6–13 mm; style (55–)65–86(–94) mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
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Capsules | 10–35 × 1–2 mm, hard, dehiscent 1/2 their length, often tardily dehiscent throughout their length. |
woody, narrowly ovoid to ovoid, 4-angled, 8–13(–16) × 3–4 mm, apex tapering to a short sterile beak 2–3 mm, valves with a prominent, broad midrib and capsule appearing 8-ribbed, tardily dehiscent ca. 1/3 capsule length. |
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Seeds | obovoid, 1–1.8 mm, sharply angled, apex truncate. |
2–2.5(–3.3) × 1.2–1.5 mm, sometimes with a small wing at distal end or a raised ridge along one longitudinal margin. |
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2n | = 14, 28. |
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Oenothera capillifolia |
Oenothera havardii |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | In depressions, seasonally wet flats, stream banks, margins of irrigated fields, sandy or clay soil, among tufted grasses like Sporobolus wrightii, primarily in Chihuahuan Desert. | |||||
Elevation | 1300–2000 m. (4300–6600 ft.) | |||||
Distribution | c United States; sc United States; n Mexico |
AZ; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora, Zacatecas) |
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Oenothera capillifolia is self-incompatible (H. F. Towner 1977). Oenothera berlandieri (Spach) Steudel 1841, not D. Dietrich 1840, is superfluous and cannot be used in Oenothera when transferred from Calylophus, and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera havardii ranges from Brewster and Presidio counties, Texas, and Cochise County, Arizona, south to Durango and Zacatecas, Mexico. W. L. Wagner (1984) found that O. havardii is self-incompatible and vespertine. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Calylophus > subsect. Calylophus | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Paradoxus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Meriolix capillifolia | Hartmannia havardii, H. palmeri | ||||
Name authority | Scheele: Linnaea 21: 576. (1848) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 20: 366. (1885) — (as havardi) | ||||
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