Oenothera capillifolia |
Oenothera gaura |
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biennial bee-blossom |
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Habit | Herbs perennial (short-lived or, sometimes, suffrutescent) or annual, glabrous or strigillose; from a stout taproot. | Herbs usually robust winter-annual, sometimes biennial, usually moderately to densely villous, rarely short-hirtellous, also glandular puberulent; from fleshy taproot. | ||||
Stems | 1–many, weakly decumbent to ascending or erect, unbranched to moderately branched, (10–)25–80 cm. |
usually well-branched distal to base, 50–180 cm. |
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Leaves | 1–9 × (0.1–)0.3–1 cm, sometimes fascicles of small leaves to 2 cm present in non-flowering axils; petiole 0–0.6 cm; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, often folded lengthwise, usually not much reduced distally, proximalmost leaves sometimes spatulate, base attenuate, margins subentire or serrulate or spinulose-serrate, apex acute. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 8–20 × 1.5–3 cm, blade oblanceolate, margins irregularly toothed to lobed; cauline 1.5–12 × 0.5–3 cm, blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic or lanceolate, margins subentire or undulate-denticulate. |
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Flowers | opening at sunrise; buds with free tips 0–4 mm; floral tube 5–20 mm; sepals 4–12 mm, midribs keeled; petals yellow, fading orangish to purplish, 6–25 mm; antisepalous filaments 2–8 mm, antipetalous filaments 1–4 mm, anthers 2–7 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 9–30 mm, stigma sometimes blue-black, discoid to quadrangular, exserted beyond anthers. |
4-merous, zygomorphic, opening at sunset; floral tube 6–13 mm; sepals 5–13 mm; petals white, fading pink to red, narrowly elliptic-obovate, 6–12 mm; filaments 5–10 mm, anthers 2–4 mm, pollen 35–65% fertile; style 12–15 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers. |
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Capsules | 10–35 × 1–2 mm, hard, dehiscent 1/2 their length, often tardily dehiscent throughout their length. |
ellipsoid, 4-angled, 5–9 × 2–3 mm; sessile. |
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Seeds | obovoid, 1–1.8 mm, sharply angled, apex truncate. |
3–6, light to reddish brown, 2–2.5 × 1–1.3 mm. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Oenothera capillifolia |
Oenothera gaura |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Open woods, fields, along streams, disturbed sites, ditch banks, roadsides, railway embankments. | |||||
Elevation | 100–600 m. (300–2000 ft.) | |||||
Distribution | c United States; sc United States; n Mexico |
CT; DC; DE; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MN; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Oenothera capillifolia is self-incompatible (H. F. Towner 1977). Oenothera berlandieri (Spach) Steudel 1841, not D. Dietrich 1840, is superfluous and cannot be used in Oenothera when transferred from Calylophus, and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera gaura is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis. It is self-compatible and autogamous (P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory 1972[1973]), and may have been derived from O. filiformis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Calylophus > subsect. Calylophus | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Gaura | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Meriolix capillifolia | Gaura biennis | ||||
Name authority | Scheele: Linnaea 21: 576. (1848) | W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 212. (2007) | ||||
Web links |