Oenothera capillifolia |
Oenothera clelandii |
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Cleland's evening primrose |
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Habit | Herbs perennial (short-lived or, sometimes, suffrutescent) or annual, glabrous or strigillose; from a stout taproot. | Herbs biennial, densely to sometimes sparsely strigillose, or also sparsely glandular puberulent distally. | ||||
Stems | 1–many, weakly decumbent to ascending or erect, unbranched to moderately branched, (10–)25–80 cm. |
sometimes with lateral branches arising obliquely from rosette, 20–70(–100) cm. |
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Leaves | 1–9 × (0.1–)0.3–1 cm, sometimes fascicles of small leaves to 2 cm present in non-flowering axils; petiole 0–0.6 cm; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, often folded lengthwise, usually not much reduced distally, proximalmost leaves sometimes spatulate, base attenuate, margins subentire or serrulate or spinulose-serrate, apex acute. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 5–16 × 0.5–1.5 cm, cauline 2–12 × 0.5–2 cm; blade narrowly oblanceolate, gradually narrowly elliptic to narrowly lanceolate distally, margins lobed to remotely dentate or subentire; bracts slightly longer than capsule they subtend. |
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Inflorescences | dense, without lateral branches, mature buds usually not overtopping spike apex. |
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Flowers | opening at sunrise; buds with free tips 0–4 mm; floral tube 5–20 mm; sepals 4–12 mm, midribs keeled; petals yellow, fading orangish to purplish, 6–25 mm; antisepalous filaments 2–8 mm, antipetalous filaments 1–4 mm, anthers 2–7 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 9–30 mm, stigma sometimes blue-black, discoid to quadrangular, exserted beyond anthers. |
2–several per spike opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect, 0.5–2 mm; floral tube slightly curved upward to± straight, 15–40 mm; sepals 6–13 mm; petals yellow, broadly elliptic to rhombic-ovate, 5–16 mm; filaments 4–18 mm, anthers 2–3.5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 20–40 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
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Capsules | 10–35 × 1–2 mm, hard, dehiscent 1/2 their length, often tardily dehiscent throughout their length. |
narrowly lanceoloid, 10–20 ×2–3 mm. |
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Seeds | obovoid, 1–1.8 mm, sharply angled, apex truncate. |
brown, sometimes flecked with dark red spots, ellipsoid, 1–1.9 × 0.4–0.8 mm. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Oenothera capillifolia |
Oenothera clelandii |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug(–Sep). | |||||
Habitat | Fields, prairies, sandy soil. | |||||
Elevation | 150–300 m. (500–1000 ft.) | |||||
Distribution | c United States; sc United States; n Mexico |
AR; IA; IL; IN; KY; MI; MN; MO; NJ; NY; VA; WI; ON
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Oenothera capillifolia is self-incompatible (H. F. Towner 1977). Oenothera berlandieri (Spach) Steudel 1841, not D. Dietrich 1840, is superfluous and cannot be used in Oenothera when transferred from Calylophus, and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera clelandii is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Some localities in the easternmost states may represent introductions, primarily occurring in disturbed areas along roads and railroad lines. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Calylophus > subsect. Calylophus | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Candela | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Meriolix capillifolia | |||||
Name authority | Scheele: Linnaea 21: 576. (1848) | W. Dietrich, P. H. Raven & W. L. Wagner: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 70: 196. (1983) | ||||
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