Oenothera calcicola |
Oenothera coronopifolia |
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Texas beeblossom |
crownleaf evening primrose |
|
Habit | Herbs perennial, clumped, usually sparsely strigillose, rarely glabrate or sparsely villous, hairs erect, sometimes sparsely glandular puberulent distally; from twisted, woody rootstock. | Herbs perennial, strigillose, usually also hirsute; from a taproot, lateral roots producing adventitious shoots. |
Stems | erect, branched below and just above ground, branched also proximal to inflorescences, (40–)60–250 cm. |
ascending to erect, 1–several from base, these unbranched to well-branched, 10–60 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 3–13 × 0.6–2.5 cm, blade spatulate to oblanceolate, cauline (1–)2.5–12 × 0.1–1 cm, blade linear to narrowly oblanceolate, margins slightly to conspicuously sinuate-dentate. |
in a weakly developed basal rosette and cauline, 2–7 × 0.2–1.5 cm, axillary fascicles of reduced leaves often present; blade oblanceolate to oblong, margins usually pinnatifid, sometimes proximal ones coarsely few-toothed. |
Inflorescences | slender. |
|
Flowers | 4-merous, zygomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 3–9 mm; sepals 6–12 mm; petals white, fading dark pink to red, slightly unequal, elliptic-obovate, 7–11 mm; stamens presented in lower 1/2 of flower, filaments 3–7 mm, anthers 2.5–5 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 9.5–19 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
1–3 opening per day near sunset; buds nodding, weakly quadrangular, without free tips; floral tube 10–25 mm, mouth conspicuously pubescent, closed with straight, white hairs, 1–2 mm; sepals 10–20 mm; petals white, fading pink, ovate or shallowly obcordate, 10–15(–20) mm; filaments 10–15 mm, anthers 4–7 mm; style 17–42 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | lanceoloid to narrowly ovoid, narrowly 4-winged, 7–12 × 1.5–2.5 mm, tapered to a sterile stipe 2–5 mm. |
ascending to erect, straight, fusiform, weakly 4-angled, 10–20 × 3–5 mm, dehiscent 1/2 their length; sessile. |
Seeds | (2 or)3 or 4(or 5), light brown or reddish brown, 1.5–2.5 × 0.8–1.3 mm. |
in 2 rows per locule, ellipsoid to subglobose, 1.5–2 × 1.2–1.5 mm, surface regularly pitted, pits in longitudinal lines. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14, 28. |
Oenothera calcicola |
Oenothera coronopifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–May. | Flowering (Mar–)Jun–Aug(–Sep). |
Habitat | Dry limestone, gypsum, or caliche soil, slopes. | Dry, open sites, grassy meadows, slopes, along drainages, foothills and mountains. |
Elevation | 400–1800(–2100) m. (1300–5900(–6900) ft.) | 1500–3000 m. (4900–9800 ft.) |
Distribution |
TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas) |
AZ; CO; ID; NE; NM; SD; UT; WY
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Discussion | Oenothera calcicola occurs at mostly higher elevations and more montane areas than other species of subsect. Stipogaura, from the southern Trans-Pecos and Edwards Plateau regions of Texas southward into northern Mexico. P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) determined O. calcicola to be self-incompatible. It is known to form hybrids with O. suffrutescens. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera coronopifolia apparently has both self-incompatible and self-compatible populations (P. H. Raven 1979; W. L. Wagner et al. 2007; K. E. Theiss et al. 2010). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gaura calcicola | Anogra coronopifolia |
Name authority | (P. H. Raven & D. P. Gregory) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 211. (2007) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 495. (1840) |
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