Oenothera brachycarpa |
Oenothera tetraptera |
|
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shortfruit evening-primrose |
fourwing evening-primrose |
|
Habit | Herbs acaulescent or sometimes caulescent, strigillose, also hirsute, hairs often with reddish purple pustulate base, glandular puberulent distally; from a woody taproot, sometimes lateral roots producing adventitious shoots. | Herbs annual or perennial, strigillose and also hirsute; from a slender taproot. |
Stems | (when present) ascending, longer ones becoming decumbent, usually densely leafy, 0–20(–36) cm. |
15–50 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette, sometimes also cauline, (3.1–)5–21(–34) × (0.3–)1.5–3.5(–5.3) cm; petiole (0.8–)2.5–11(–15) cm; blade usually lanceolate to elliptic, rhombic-obovate, sometimes suborbicular or linear, usually irregularly pinnatifid, some sinuses extending nearly to midrib, usually with a large terminal lobe (0.1–)1.5–2(–2.4) cm, margins erose, apex acute to obtuse or rounded. |
2.5–10 × 0.6–2.5 cm; petiole 0.2–2.2 cm; blade usually lanceolate to oblanceolate, sometimes elliptic, margins weakly serrate to sinuate-pinnatifid. |
Flowers | usually 1–3, rarely more, opening per day near sunset, weakly scented; buds with unequal free tips 1–7 mm; floral tube (90–)120–210(–220) mm; sepals 38–55 mm; petals pale yellow to yellow, fading pale orange to pink, drying lavender to purple, usually broadly rhombic-obovate, sometimes obovate, (38–)45–58(–62) mm, distal margin usually erose; filaments (16–)20–32 mm, anthers (8–)13–21 mm; style (123–)155–240(–255) mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
1–3 opening per day near sunset; buds with free tips 0.5–3 mm; floral tube 10–30 mm; sepals 20–40 mm; petals white, fading pink, 20–43 mm; filaments 12–18 mm, anthers 5–10 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 19–67 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | leathery or corky, ovoid to narrowly ellipsoid, ± winged, wings 0–3(–5) mm wide, sometimes capsule with corky thickening between wings, then capsule only 4-angled, body (12–)18–40 × 6–10 mm, dehiscent 1/4 their length; pedicel 0–3 mm. |
broadly clavate or obovoid, 20–51 × 5–7 mm, winged, wings 2–4 mm, valve surface with prominent midrib, proximal stipe 8–45 mm; sessile. |
Seeds | usually numerous, in 1 or 2 rows per locule, obovoid to subcuboid, 3–5 × 1.8–2.2 mm. |
narrowly obovoid, 1–1.5 × 0.5–0.7 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera brachycarpa |
Oenothera tetraptera |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Aug. | Flowering Feb–May. |
Habitat | Rocky sites, usually on limestone, shale, or gypsum, on igneous substrates from canyons and slopes in Chihuahuan Desert scrub, grasslands, oak-pine-juniper woodlands, open sites in ponderosa pine-Douglas fir forests. | Alluvial flats, open areas, sandy soil, weedy sites. |
Elevation | 1000–2700 m. (3300–8900 ft.) | 10–300[–2000] m. (0–1000[–6600] ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora)
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TX; Mexico; Central America; West Indies (Jamaica); n South America [Introduced widely in temperate Europe, Asia, s Africa, Australia]
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Discussion | Oenotherabrachycarpa occurs from southeastern Arizona in southern Navajo, southeastern Pima, Graham, Santa Cruz, and Cochise counties, east across southern New Mexico to Val Verde and Pecos counties in trans-Pecos Texas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
In the flora area, Oenothera tetraptera is known only from southern Texas. Oenothera tetraptera presumably has become naturalized in South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela), West Indies (Jamaica), Europe, Asia, South Africa, and Australia. Oenothera candida Dumont Courset is a superfluous name, as is O. candida Bellardi ex Colla, and they both pertain here. The name Hartmannia macrantha Spach is illegitimate and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Lavauxia brachycarpa, L. graminifolia, L. wrightii, Megapterium brachycarpum, M. brachycarpum var. wrightii, O. australis, O. brachycarpa var. wrightii, O. cespitosa subsp. australis, O. cespitosa var. australis, O. graminifolia, O. wrightii, Pachylophus australis | Hartmannia latiflora, H. tetraptera, O. latiflora, O. tetraptera var. immutabilis, Xylopleurum tetrapterum |
Name authority | A. Gray: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 70. (1852) | Cavanilles: Icon. 3: 40, plate 279. (1796) |
Web links |