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shortfruit evening-primrose

Engelmann's evening-primrose

Habit Herbs acaulescent or sometimes caulescent, strigillose, also hirsute, hairs often with reddish purple pustulate base, glandular puberulent distally; from a woody taproot, sometimes lateral roots producing adventitious shoots. Herbs winter-annual, conspicuously villous throughout, also strigillose on leaves and distal parts; from a taproot.
Stems

(when present) ascending, longer ones becoming decumbent, usually densely leafy, 0–20(–36) cm.

erect, unbranched or with few, spreading branches, 30–50(–80) cm.

Leaves

in a basal rosette, sometimes also cauline, (3.1–)5–21(–34) × (0.3–)1.5–3.5(–5.3) cm;

petiole (0.8–)2.5–11(–15) cm;

blade usually lanceolate to elliptic, rhombic-obovate, sometimes suborbicular or linear, usually irregularly pinnatifid, some sinuses extending nearly to midrib, usually with a large terminal lobe (0.1–)1.5–2(–2.4) cm, margins erose, apex acute to obtuse or rounded.

in a basal rosette and cauline, rosette weakly developed or absent, at least during flowering, (1–)2–6(–8) × 1–2(–3) cm;

sessile;

blade lanceolate to oblong lanceolate, proximal ones sometimes oblanceolate, margins coarsely repand-dentate or -pinnatifid.

Flowers

usually 1–3, rarely more, opening per day near sunset, weakly scented;

buds with unequal free tips 1–7 mm;

floral tube (90–)120–210(–220) mm;

sepals 38–55 mm;

petals pale yellow to yellow, fading pale orange to pink, drying lavender to purple, usually broadly rhombic-obovate, sometimes obovate, (38–)45–58(–62) mm, distal margin usually erose;

filaments (16–)20–32 mm, anthers (8–)13–21 mm;

style (123–)155–240(–255) mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

1–several opening per day near sunset;

buds nodding, weakly quadrangular, without free tips;

floral tube 20–30 mm;

sepals 13–21 mm, not spotted or with scattered small, maroon spots;

petals white, fading pink, broadly obovate or obcordate, 15–30 mm;

filaments 14–16 mm, anthers 6–8 mm;

style 40–50 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

Capsules

leathery or corky, ovoid to narrowly ellipsoid, ± winged, wings 0–3(–5) mm wide, sometimes capsule with corky thickening between wings, then capsule only 4-angled, body (12–)18–40 × 6–10 mm, dehiscent 1/4 their length;

pedicel 0–3 mm.

widely spreading, woody in age, straight or slightly curved, cylindrical, obtusely 4-angled, especially toward base, tapering gradually from base to apex, 30–60 × 2–3 mm;

sessile.

Seeds

usually numerous, in 1 or 2 rows per locule, obovoid to subcuboid, 3–5 × 1.8–2.2 mm.

numerous, in 1 row per locule, brown, narrowly obovoid, 1–1.5 mm.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Oenothera brachycarpa

Oenothera engelmannii

Phenology Flowering Mar–Aug. Flowering Apr–Aug(–Sep).
Habitat Rocky sites, usually on limestone, shale, or gypsum, on igneous substrates from canyons and slopes in Chihuahuan Desert scrub, grasslands, oak-pine-juniper woodlands, open sites in ponderosa pine-Douglas fir forests. Sandy prairies, dunes, disturbed areas, roadsides.
Elevation 1000–2700 m. (3300–8900 ft.) 500–1300 m. (1600–4300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
CO; KS; NM; OK; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Oenotherabrachycarpa occurs from southeastern Arizona in southern Navajo, southeastern Pima, Graham, Santa Cruz, and Cochise counties, east across southern New Mexico to Val Verde and Pecos counties in trans-Pecos Texas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Oenothera engelmannii is self-incompatible (W. L. Wagner et al. 2007; K. E. Theiss et al. 2010). It has a relatively narrow distribution in sandy areas of eastern New Mexico and western Texas, extending to southeastern Colorado, western Oklahoma, and southwestern Kansas. The flower size seems to vary, with larger flowers in eastern New Mexico and considerably smaller flowers in the eastern part of its range.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Megapterium Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Anogra
Sibling taxa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
Synonyms Lavauxia brachycarpa, L. graminifolia, L. wrightii, Megapterium brachycarpum, M. brachycarpum var. wrightii, O. australis, O. brachycarpa var. wrightii, O. cespitosa subsp. australis, O. cespitosa var. australis, O. graminifolia, O. wrightii, Pachylophus australis Anogra pallida var. engelmannii, A. engelmannii
Name authority A. Gray: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 70. (1852) (Small) Munz: Amer. J. Bot. 18: 316. (1931) — (as engelmanni)
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