Oenothera arizonica |
Oenothera grandis |
|
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California evening primrose |
largeflower eveningprimrose, showy evening-primrose |
|
Habit | Herbs winter-annual, younger parts sparsely to densely strigillose and sparsely to densely hirsute, older stems glabrate; from a taproot. | Herbs annual, strigillose and sparsely villous, also glandular puberulent distally. |
Stems | ascending to erect, with decumbent branches, thickened at base, tapering toward apex, 10–35(–60) cm. |
erect to ascending, often with ascending lateral branches, 15–60(–100) cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 5–10(–26) × 0.6–1.5(–3.5) cm, cauline 5–8(–15.5) × 1–2 cm; petiole 0–12 cm; blade lanceolate to oblanceolate, margins pinnatifid or sometimes coarsely serrate. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 5–13 × 1–3 cm, cauline 3–10 × 1.5–3.5 cm; blade green, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, margins lobed or dentate, lobes often dentate; bracts spreading, flat. |
Flowers | 1–several opening per day near sunset; buds nodding, weakly quadrangular, without free tips; floral tube 26–31 mm; sepals 19–26 mm, conspicuously maroon-spotted, each spot at base of a long hair; petals white, fading pink to deep pink, broadly obovate or obcordate, 16–26(–36) mm; filaments 9–15 mm, anthers 7–9 mm; style 45–50 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
1–few opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips terminal, erect or hornlike, 1.5–5 mm; floral tube 25–45 mm; sepals 15–30 mm; petals yellow, very broadly obovate or shallowly obcordate, 25–40 mm; filaments 12–22 mm, anthers 4–11 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 40–75 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | spreading, woody in age, curved upward, or distal end recurved, cylindrical, obtusely 4-angled, especially toward base, tapering gradually from base to apex, 30–80 × 2.5–3.5 mm; sessile. |
cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 25–50 ×2–3 mm. |
Seeds | numerous, in 1 row per locule, light brown to yellowish brown with dark purple splotches, obovoid, 1.6–2 mm. |
broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 0.8–1.5 × 0.5–0.9 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera arizonica |
Oenothera grandis |
|
Phenology | Flowering (Oct–)Feb–May. | Flowering Mar–Sep. |
Habitat | Gravelly or sandy soil, along watercourses, disturbed sites. | Open, sandy sites. |
Elevation | 200–1400 m. (700–4600 ft.) | 0–1500(–2200) m. (0–4900(–7200) ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; Mexico (Sonora) |
AL; AR; CO; CT; FL; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NE; NJ; NM; TX; Mexico (Tamaulipas)
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Discussion | Oenothera arizonica occurs in southern Arizona from Maricopa and Yuma counties to Cochise County, and from scattered localities in northern Sonora, Mexico, including Cerro Tepopa, Puerto Libertad, and Tastiota. The populations from southwestern Arizona (Yuma County) southward to Sonora often grow on low dunes. Populations from sand dunes in Yuma County, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, appear to be a large phenotype of Oenothera arizonica that differ from all other specimens in the size of vegetative parts and flowers, and comprise all of the atypical measurements given in the description. Oenothera arizonica typically grows on dunes in Sonora, but rarely so in Arizona. Populations growing on dunes should be studied further and compared to non-dune populations in the northern and eastern portion of the range. Oenothera arizonica is self-compatible (W. L. Wagner et al. 2007; K. E. Theiss et al. 2010). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera grandis is probably native to eastern New Mexico and Colorado, Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas, and northeastern Tamaulipas, Mexico. Scattered collections made in other states probably represent introductions (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Oenothera grandis is self-incompatible (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Oenothera laciniata Hill var. occidentalis Small and O. laciniata var. grandis Britton are illegitimate superfluous names based on O. sinuata Linnaeus var. grandiflora S. Watson and pertain here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. deltoides var. arizonica, O. avita subsp. arizonica, O. californica subsp. arizonica | O. laciniata var. grandiflora, O. sinuata var. grandiflora, Raimannia grandis |
Name authority | (Munz) W. L. Wagner: Novon 8: 308. (1998) | Smyth: Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 16: 160. (1899) |
Web links |