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California evening primrose

demaree's beeblossom

Habit Herbs winter-annual, younger parts sparsely to densely strigillose and sparsely to densely hirsute, older stems glabrate; from a taproot. Herbs usually robust winter-annual, sometimes biennial, densely strigillose throughout; from fleshy taproot.
Stems

ascending to erect, with decumbent branches, thickened at base, tapering toward apex, 10–35(–60) cm.

usually well-branched distal to base, 50–400 cm.

Leaves

in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 5–10(–26) × 0.6–1.5(–3.5) cm, cauline 5–8(–15.5) × 1–2 cm;

petiole 0–12 cm;

blade lanceolate to oblanceolate, margins pinnatifid or sometimes coarsely serrate.

in a basal rosette and cauline, 3–7 × 0.2–0.8 cm;

blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic or lanceolate, margins subentire or shallowly undulate-denticulate.

Flowers

1–several opening per day near sunset;

buds nodding, weakly quadrangular, without free tips;

floral tube 26–31 mm;

sepals 19–26 mm, conspicuously maroon-spotted, each spot at base of a long hair;

petals white, fading pink to deep pink, broadly obovate or obcordate, 16–26(–36) mm;

filaments 9–15 mm, anthers 7–9 mm;

style 45–50 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

4-merous, zygomorphic, opening at sunrise;

floral tube 4–13(–15) mm;

sepals 13–20 mm;

petals white, fading pink, rhombic-obovate, 10–17 mm;

filaments 8–17 mm, anthers 3–7 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile;

style 18–32 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

Capsules

spreading, woody in age, curved upward, or distal end recurved, cylindrical, obtusely 4-angled, especially toward base, tapering gradually from base to apex, 30–80 × 2.5–3.5 mm;

sessile.

ellipsoid or ovoid, sharply 4-angled, 4.5–7 × 1.5–2.5 mm;

sessile.

Seeds

numerous, in 1 row per locule, light brown to yellowish brown with dark purple splotches, obovoid, 1.6–2 mm.

2–4, yellowish to reddish brown, 1.2–3 × 0.7–1.3 mm.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Oenothera arizonica

Oenothera demareei

Phenology Flowering (Oct–)Feb–May. Flowering Jul–Oct.
Habitat Gravelly or sandy soil, along watercourses, disturbed sites. Open meadows in sandy loam.
Elevation 200–1400 m. (700–4600 ft.) 70–200 m. (200–700 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; Mexico (Sonora)
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Oenothera arizonica occurs in southern Arizona from Maricopa and Yuma counties to Cochise County, and from scattered localities in northern Sonora, Mexico, including Cerro Tepopa, Puerto Libertad, and Tastiota. The populations from southwestern Arizona (Yuma County) southward to Sonora often grow on low dunes.

Populations from sand dunes in Yuma County, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, appear to be a large phenotype of Oenothera arizonica that differ from all other specimens in the size of vegetative parts and flowers, and comprise all of the atypical measurements given in the description. Oenothera arizonica typically grows on dunes in Sonora, but rarely so in Arizona. Populations growing on dunes should be studied further and compared to non-dune populations in the northern and eastern portion of the range. Oenothera arizonica is self-compatible (W. L. Wagner et al. 2007; K. E. Theiss et al. 2010).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Oenothera demareei is known only from Clark, Garland, Hempstead, Howard, Montgomery, Pike, Saline, and Sevier counties.

P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) found Oenothera demareei to be self-incompatible.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Anogra Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Gaura
Sibling taxa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
Synonyms O. deltoides var. arizonica, O. avita subsp. arizonica, O. californica subsp. arizonica Gaura demareei
Name authority (Munz) W. L. Wagner: Novon 8: 308. (1998) (P. H. Raven & D. P. Gregory) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 212. (2007)
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