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trans-Pecos beeblossom

stemless evening-primrose

Habit Herbs perennial, clumped, strigillose and glandular puberulent throughout, also sparsely villous; from stout roots. Herbs winter-annual, sometimes biennial, acaulescent or very short-caulescent, sparsely to moderately strigillose and glandular puberulent, sometimes one hair type predominant, rarely glabrate, sometimes also very sparsely hirsute, especially on leaf veins; from a slender or, sometimes, stout taproot.
Stems

erect, usually branched several cm belowground or from near base, sometimes also branched distally, 20–60(–100) cm.

(when present) ascending, 1–several, densely leafy, 0–20 cm.

Leaves

in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 2–4 × 0.4–0.8 cm, petiole0–0.4 cm, blade narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly spatulate;

cauline 0.5–5 × 0.1–0.8 cm, petiole 0–0.3 cm, blade narrowly lanceolate or very narrowly elliptic, margins subentire or sinuate-denticulate.

in a basal rosette, sometimes also cauline, (2.5–)6–25(–32) × (0.6–)1.5–4(–5) cm, thin;

petiole (0.5–)1–8 cm;

blade oblanceolate to elliptic, margins irregularly pinnatifid, sometimes subentire, apex acute to obtuse or rounded.

Flowers

4-merous, nearly actinomorphic, opening near sunset;

floral tube 9–13 mm;

sepals 7–9 mm;

petals white, fading pink to pale red, slightly unequal, rhombic, 7–8 mm, short-clawed;

filaments 3–4 mm, anthers 4–5 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile;

style 18–22 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

1–4 opening per day near sunset, without noticeable scent;

buds with subequal free tips 2–7 mm;

floral tube (20–)28–95(–138) mm;

sepals (6–)10–30(–35) mm;

petals pale yellow, fading pale orange, drying lavender, (10–)12–30(–38) mm;

filaments (5–)8–15(–18) mm, anthers (3.5–)4–11 mm;

style (3.4–)4.2–11.5(–16.3) mm, stigma usually surrounded by anthers, sometimes (especially in some Texas populations) exserted beyond anthers.

Capsules

erect, fusiform, often slightly curved, weakly 4-angled, (9–)13–17 × 2–3 mm, valves with inconspicuous raised midrib;

sessile.

woody in age, rhombic-obovoid, winged, wings broadly triangular, 5–10 mm wide, often terminating in a hooked tooth, (10–)15–25(–28) × 4–8 mm (excluding wings), valve surface reticulate, dehiscent 1/8–1/3 their length.

Seeds

(1–)3 or 4, yellowish or light brown, 2–3.5 × 1–2 mm.

asymmetrically cuneiform, (2.1–)2.5–3(–3.3) mm.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Oenothera arida

Oenothera triloba

Phenology Flowering Apr–Aug. Flowering (Feb–)Mar–May(–Jul).
Habitat Sandy flats and washes. Scattered to common in clay, sandy or rocky soil, playas, floodplains, creek beds, slopes and flats, moist sites, disturbed sites, roadsides, old fields, in Larrea deserts, prairies, glades.
Elevation 1300–1800 m. (4300–5900 ft.) 300–1900 m. (1000–6200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
TX; Mexico (Chihuahua)
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CO; DC; IL; IN; KS; KY; MD; MO; NM; OH; OK; PA; TN; TX; VA; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Nuevo León)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Oenothera arida is known only from several areas in the foothills of the Davis Mountains in eastern Jeff Davis County, northeastern Presidio County, and northern Brewster County, and from areas near Gallego and Chihuahua in Chihuahua, Mexico. P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) determined O. arida to be self-incompatible.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Oenotheratriloba is primarily a species of the high plains from eastern Socorro County, New Mexico, east through all but eastern Texas, Oklahoma, to southern Kansas, east of Meade and Pawnee counties and south of Douglas and Saline counties. It becomes more sporadic eastward into Missouri south of the Missouri River, northwestern and north-central Arkansas, central and eastern Tennessee, northern Alabama, and Logan and Warren counties, Kentucky; also known from disjunct sites in northern Mexico from Nuevo León, Chihuahua, and Baja California, Mexico; and, introduced in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky (Campbell and Fayette counties), Pennsylvania, Virginia, Maryland, and the District of Columbia. Areas where it was introduced are represented by old collections; no current information indicates their continued presence in any of these areas. It was recently collected in Baca County, Colorado.

Capsules of dead plants sometimes form pineconelike clusters of ten to 100 or more capsules.

The illegitimate names Lavauxia nuttalliana Spach and L. triloba (Nuttall) Spach var. watsonii Britton pertain here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Xerogaura Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Lavauxia > subsect. Lavauxia
Sibling taxa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
Synonyms Gaura macrocarpa Lavauxiahamata wooton, L. triloba, L. watsonii, O. hamata, O. rhizocarpa, O. roemeriana, O. triloba var. parviflora, O. triloba
Name authority W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 211. (2007) Nuttall: J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 2: 118. (1821)
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