Oenothera argillicola |
Oenothera linifolia |
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shale barren evening primrose |
threadleaf evening-primrose, threadleaf sundrop |
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Habit | Herbs biennial or short-lived perennial, strigillose and sparsely to moderately villous, hairs sometimes pustulate, pustules with green or red bases, inflorescence glabrous or sparsely glandular puberulent, sometimes also sparsely villous. | Herbs annual, caulescent, strigillose or glabrous, also often glandular puberulent, especially distally; from a sparsely branched taproot. |
Stems | erect to ascending, green or red, unbranched or with branches obliquely arising from rosette or in distal 1/2 of main stem. |
unbranched or with many ascending branches arising near base, erect, 10–50 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 7–25 × 0.7–2 cm, cauline 6–13 × 0.4–1 cm; blade dark green, somewhat glossy, very narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, linear-elliptic, lanceolate, or nearly linear, margins flat, entire or remotely and bluntly dentate, sometimes with larger teeth near base; bracts persistent. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 1–2(–4) × 0.2–0.6 cm, petiole 0.2–1(–1.5) cm, blade ovate to obovate or narrowly elliptic; cauline 1–4 × less than 0.1 cm, sessile, blade linear or filiform. |
Inflorescences | curved with ascending tip, unbranched. |
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Flowers | opening near sunset; buds erect, 4–8 mm diam., with free tips subterminal, divergent and hornlike, 3–9 mm; floral tube 32–52 mm; sepals yellowish green to yellow, sometimes flushed with red, especially at apex, 27–38 mm; petals yellow to pale yellow, fading pale yellow to pale yellowish orange, very broadly obcordate or obovate, 25–42 mm; filaments 20–27 mm, anthers 9–13 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 60–85 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
usually 1–3 opening per day near sunrise; buds without free tips; sepals 1.5–2 mm; petals bright yellow, fading pink, obcordate to obovate, 3–5(–7) mm; filaments 1–2 mm, anthers 0.5–1 mm; style 1–2 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | spreading at nearly a right angle to stem, curved upward, sometimes secund, dull green or rusty brown when dry, narrowly lanceoloid to lanceoloid, 20–40 × 4–6 mm, free tips of valves 1–2 mm. |
ellipsoid-rhombic to subglobose, 4-angled, 4–6(–10) × 1.5–3 mm, stipe 0–4 mm, valve midrib raised at distal end, indehiscent or tardily dehiscent distally; sessile. |
Seeds | 1.3–1.9 × 0.7–1.1 mm. |
clustered in each locule, ovoid, surface minutely papillose, 1 × 0.5 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera argillicola |
Oenothera linifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering (Jun–)Jul–Oct. | Flowering Apr–Jun(–Aug). |
Habitat | Open sites on Devonian Brallier shale slopes, barrens, outcrops or adjacent roadsides in mid-Appalachian Allegheny Mountains. | Prairies, open woodlands, open rocky and sandy sites, roadsides. |
Elevation | 150–700 m. (500–2300 ft.) | 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.) |
Distribution |
MD; PA; VA; WV |
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; OK; SC; TN; TX
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Discussion | Oenothera argillicola is one of eight angiosperm species restricted to the Devonian Brallier shale barrens, but among them only O. argillicola and Trifolium virginicum occur throughout the shale barren region. Oenothera argillicola has plastome V and a CC genome composition. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Kneiffia linearifolia Spach (1835) is an illegitimate name based on Oenothera linifolia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. argillicola var. pubescens | Kneiffia linifolia, O. linifolia var. glandulosa, Peniophyllum linifolium |
Name authority | Mackenzie: Torreya 4: 56. (1904) | Nuttall: J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 2: 120. (1821) |
Web links |