Nuphar polysepala |
Nuphar |
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Rocky Mountain cowlily, Rocky Mountain pond-lily, spatterdock, wakas, yellow pond-lily |
cow-lily, nénuphar, pond-lily, spatterdock, yellow pond-lily, yellow water-lily |
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Rhizomes | 3-8 cm diam. |
branched, repent; stolons absent. |
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Leaves | blade abaxially and adaxially green, widely ovate, 10-40(-45) × 7-30 cm, ca. 1.2-1.5 times as long as wide, sinus 1/3-2/3 length of midrib, lobes divergent to overlapping; surfaces glabrous. |
blade orbiculate to linear, basal lobes divergent to overlapping, margins entire, apex of lobe narrowly obtuse to broadly rounded; primary venation mostly pinnate, basal section of midrib with several parallel veins. |
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Flowers | 5-10 cm diam.; sepals mostly (6-)9(-12), abaxially green to adaxially yellow, sometimes red-tinged toward base; petals oblong, thick; anthers 3.5-9 mm, slightly shorter than filaments. |
floating or held above surface of water, opening diurnally; perianth hypogynous, not spreading, nearly globose at anthesis; sepals 5-9(-12), outwardly yellow to green, becoming yellow within, often red-tinged, oblong or obovate to somewhat orbiculate; petals numerous, spirally arranged, inconspicuous, stamenlike; stamens yellow- or red-tinged, inserted below ovary, recurved at dehiscence, distal connective appendage absent; ovary longer than petals and stamens; stigmatic disk with margin entire to crenate or dentate, appendages absent. |
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Fruit(s) | green to yellow, cylindric to ovoid, 4-6(-9) × 3.5-6 cm, strongly ribbed, slightly constricted below stigmatic disk; stigmatic disk green, 20-35 mm diam., entire to crenate; stigmatic rays 8-26(-36), linear to lanceolate, terminating within 1(-1.5) mm from margin of disk. |
borne on straight peduncles. |
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Seeds | 3.5-5 mm. |
ovoid, to 6 mm; aril absent. |
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x | = 17. |
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2n | = 34. |
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Nuphar polysepala |
Nuphar |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (later in north)-summer. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Ponds, lakes, and sluggish streams | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0-3700 m (0-12100 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; NT; YT
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North America; North temperate; Europe; and Asia |
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Discussion | Plants intermediate between Nuphar polysepala and N. variegata occur in eastern British Columbia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 10-12, most intergrading and sometimes treated at subspecies rank (8 in the flora). The taxonomy of the genus is problematic. E. O. Beal (1956) departed dramatically from previous North American treatments in recognizing a single polymorphic species, Nuphar lutea (name of European origin), with several subspecies formerly treated as species. Subsequent research (C. E. DePoe and E. O. Beal 1969; E. O. Beal and R. M. Southall 1977) has supported Beal's treatment for some southeastern subspecies, but most other taxa have not been studied as extensively. Beal's treatment, for the most part, has not been adopted in the Northeast and elsewhere in North America or in Europe. Molecular studies of Nuphar currently in progress (D. J. Padgett, pers. comm.) have clearly shown the North American taxa to be distinct from the Eurasian Nuphar lutea; Beal's nomenclature under that taxon cannot be upheld. Continuing to treat those taxa at subspecific rank would require new combinations under Nuphar sagittifolia (Walter) Pursh, the oldest name that has hitherto been applied only in a geographically restricted sense. Until the molecular studies are completed, creating new names is premature. We therefore return to the previous treatment of the taxa as species. Prior to conservation in its current sense, the name Nymphaea was frequently used for Nuphar. Although often treated as neuter, Nuphar was originally assigned the feminine gender (W. T. Stearn 1956; H. W. Rickett and F. A. Stafleu 1959). The name Nymphozanthus Richard has been rejected. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Nymphaeaceae > Nuphar | Nymphaeaceae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | N. lutea subsp. polysepala, Nymphaea polysepala | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Engelmann: Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 2: 282. 1865 (as polysepalum) | Smith: in J. Sibthorp & J. E. Smith, Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 361. 1809, name conserved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |