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false garlic, false onion

crowpoison, false garlic

Habit Herbs, perennial, scapose, from bulbs.
Bulbs

in general appearance very similar to some species of Allium, without alliaceous odor;

outer coats membranous.

globose to subglobose, to 1–1.5 cm diam.;

outer coats brown;

bulblets absent.

Leaves

usually present at flowering time, basal, imbricate, sheathing basally;

blade filiform to linear.

1–4, sheaths enveloping neck of bulb, hyaline, subtruncate apically;

blade filiform or linear, to 30 cm × 1–4(–5) mm, margins entire.

Scape

solitary (rarely 2), terete, (10–)20–40 cm × 1–3 mm.

Inflorescences

umbellate, subtended by spathe bracts;

bracts 2, membranous.

Umbel

mostly 3–6(–10)-flowered, often asymmetrical, 1–3 cm diam.;

bracts persistent, 2, 1–2 cm × 4–8 mm, base coherent, imbricate, margins scarious or hyaline, apex acuminate.

Flowers

fastigiate, withering-persistent;

tepals 6, 2-whorled, connate proximal 1/3, 1-veined, subequal;

stamens 6, adnate to tepal bases, included;

filaments distinct, ± dilated basally, subulate and entire apically;

anthers dorsifixed, oblong, introse;

ovary superior, sessile, 3-locular;

ovules several(–12);

style filiform;

stigma terminal, small.

not fragrant;

tepals whitish to cream, at least outer ones with red or purplish red midvein, elliptic, (8–)10–12(–15) × 3–4.5 mm, apex acute or acuminate;

filaments simple, adnate to tepals, 5–6 mm;

anthers yellow;

ovary crestless;

style persistent, equaling stamens;

stigma unlobed, 3/4 perianth;

pedicel erect, 1–2 cm, elongating as flowers develop, but often of several lengths even in fruit.

Fruits

capsular, 3-lobed, membranous, dehiscence loculicidal.

Capsules

subglobose or obovoid, 6–8 × 6–8 mm.

Seeds

black, angled [compressed or almost flat].

4–7 per locule.

Nothoscordum

Nothoscordum bivalve

Phenology Flowering Mar–Dec.
Habitat Open woods, prairies, barrens
Elevation 0–1700 m [0–5600 ft]
Distribution
map from USDA
North America; South America
[BONAP county map]
map from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; NM; OH; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA; s to South America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species ca. 19 (2 in the flora).

All species of Nothoscordum are native to the Americas. Nothoscordum gracile has become naturalized in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia; it spreads rapidly by seeds and bulblets.

Etymology: Greek nothos, false, and scordon, garlic

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Parent taxa Liliaceae Liliaceae > Nothoscordum
Sibling taxa
N. gracile
Subordinate taxa
N. bivalve, N. gracile
Key
1. Leaves 4–12 mm wide; flowers fragrant; tepals connate to 1/3 their length.
N. gracile
1. Leaves 1–4(–5) mm wide; flowers not fragrant; tepals distinct or nearly so.
N. bivalve
Synonyms Ornithogalum bivalve, Allium bivalve, Allium striatum, N. striatum, N. texanum
Name authority Kunth: Enum. Pl. 4: 457. (1843) (Linnaeus) Britton: in N. L. Britton and A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. 1: 415. (1896)
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 276. Treatment authors: T. D. Jacobsen, Dale W. McNeal Jr.. FNA vol. 26, p. 277. Treatment authors: T. D. Jacobsen, Dale W. McNeal Jr..
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