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penny-cress

Habit Biennials or perennials; (stoloniferous or simple or several from caudex); not scapose; (often glaucous). Annuals, biennials, or perennials; eglandular.
Stems

erect or decumbent, unbranched or branched distally.

Leaves

basal and cauline;

petiolate or sessile;

basal rosulate, petiolate, margins entire, denticulate, or dentate;

cauline blade (base auriculate or subamplexicaul [sagittate]), margins entire or dentate.

Cauline leaves

sessile;

blade base usually auriculate, sometimes amplexicaul, margins usually entire.

Trichomes

[simple or] absent.

Racemes

(corymbose, several-flowered), considerably elongated or congested in fruit.

ebracteate, elongated or not in fruit.

Flowers

sepals erect, oblong, or ovate [obovate];

petals white, pink, or purple, spatulate [obovate, oblanceolate, oblong, or, rarely, broadly linear], (longer than sepals), claw obscurely differentiated from blade, (apex obtuse or rounded);

stamens slightly tetradynamous;

filaments not dilated basally;

anthers ovate [oblong], (apex obtuse);

nectar glands lateral, 2 and subtending stamens, or 4 and 1 on each side of stamen.

actinomorphic;

sepals erect or ascending [spreading], lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals white, pink, or purple, claw present, often obscure;

filaments unappendaged, not winged;

pollen 3-colpate.

Fruiting pedicels

horizontal or, rarely, ascending, slender.

Fruits

sessile, obcordate, obovate, obdeltate, elliptical, or oblong, smooth, strongly angustiseptate, (winged or not winged apically);

valves each obscurely to prominently veined, strongly keeled;

replum rounded;

septum complete;

ovules 4–14[–24] per ovary;

style included in, or much exceeding, apical notch;

stigma capitate.

silicles, dehiscent, unsegmented, angustiseptate;

ovules 4–24 per ovary;

style distinct;

stigma entire.

Seeds

plump or slightly compressed, not winged, ovoid [oblong];

seed coat (longitudinally, minutely reticulate to nearly smooth), not mucilaginous when wetted;

cotyledons accumbent.

uniseriate;

cotyledons accumbent.

x

= 7.

Noccaea

Brassicaceae tribe Noccaeeae

Distribution
from USDA
North America; Mexico; South America (Patagonia); Europe; Asia; n Africa
[BONAP county map]
North America; Mexico; South America (Patagonia); Europe; Asia; n Africa
Discussion

Species ca. 80 (3 in the flora).

Previous North American accounts (e.g., E. B. Payson 1926; P. K. Holmgren 1971; R. C. Rollins 1993) treated species of Noccaea as members of Thlaspi. As discussed under the latter genus (see references there) and as shown by M. Koch and I. A. Al-Shehbaz (2004), Noccaea is definitely distinct from Thlaspi. Excellent comments on the biology, variability, and distribution of the North American taxa were given by Holmgren and are not repeated here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Genera 3, species ca. 90 (2 genera, 4 species in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Petals not flaring between blade and claw, 2-2.8(-3.6) mm; styles (0.2-)0.3-0.5(-0.6) mm; sepals (1-)1.3-1.8(-2.2) mm.
N. parviflora
1. Petals often flaring between blade and claw, 3-13 mm; styles (0.3-)0.6-4.2 mm; sepals 1.5-5.3 mm
→ 2
2. Styles (0.3-)0.6-1 mm; fruits not winged apically; petals 3-5 mm; arctic Alaska, Yukon.
N. arctica
2. Styles (0.4-)1.1-4.2 mm; fruits usually winged, rarely not winged apically; petals (3.4-) 4.2-13 mm; Pacific and Mountain states.
N. fendleri
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 600. Author: Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz. FNA vol. 7, p. 598.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Noccaeeae Brassicaceae
Subordinate taxa
N. arctica, N. fendleri, N. parviflora
Name authority Moench: Suppl. Meth., 89. (1802) Al-Shehbaz: Pl. Syst. Evol. 259: 112. (2006)
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