The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

cultivated tobacco

flowering tobacco, nicotiana sylvestris, South American tobacco

Habit Herbs, perennial, or shrubs to small trees, soft-wooded, without basal rosette. Herbs, perennial, [or soft-wooded small trees], from basal rosette that soon merges with cauline leaves.
Stems

single, usually unbranched, woody at base (hollow), 10–30 dm, viscid-pubescent.

single or multiple, stout, branches erect, 4–30 dm, viscid-pubescent.

Cauline leaves

sessile;

blade elliptic to lanceolate, 5–50 cm, becoming smaller distally, base tapering or decurrent, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces viscid-pubescent.

sessile;

proximal blades elliptic, distal elliptic to elliptic-ovate, decreasing in size distally, 20–50 cm, base auriculate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces viscid-pubescent.

Inflorescences

branched with distinct central axis (branches themselves branched and shorter than central axis), usually somewhat leafy; flowering diurnal.

branched panicles with congested branches, appearing moplike, leafy; flowering crepuscular.

Pedicels

(spreading), 0.5–1.5 cm.

0.5–1.5 cm (nodding, flowers pendent).

Flowers

calyx uniformly green, 1.2–2.5 cm, viscid-pubescent, lobes long-triangular, equaling or shorter than tube, unequal;

corolla straight or strongly curved in distal 1/2, 3–5 cm (excluding limb), viscid-puberulent externally, tube pale greenish cream to pink or red, slightly curved or straight, 0.7–1.5 cm × 2–2.5 mm, widening to throat 25–40 × 5 mm, somewhat dilated distally, glabrous or minutely puberulent internally, limb spreading to somewhat reflexed, pale pink to reddish pink, occasionally white, pentagonal, 2–3 cm diam., lobes pale pink to reddish pink, occasionally white, acute;

stamens inserted near base of throat;

filaments unequal, 4 slightly exserted, 3–5 cm, 1 included, 3 cm (shorter than the other 4), pubescent on proximal 1/2;

style straight or slightly curved, ± equaling longer stamens.

calyx green, oblong or subglobose (somewhat twisted), 1–1.8 cm, viscid-pubescent, lobes erect, deltate to triangular, equal or nearly so, much shorter than tube;

corolla white, straight or very slightly curved, 6–9 cm (excluding limb), minutely viscid-pubescent without, tube white, cylindric, straight or slightly curved, 2 cm × 1–2 mm, throat 40–70 mm, glabrous or minutely puberulent internally, ventricose and inflated in middle to distal 1/3 (often somewhat asymmetrically), narrowing toward apex with constriction at mouth, 5 mm diam., limb spreading, tips somewhat reflexed, white, stellate, 1.5–2 cm diam., lobes white, broadly triangular, acute apically;

stamens inserted subequally at base of throat, included;

filaments unequal, 4 longer, 4–7 cm, just reaching corolla mouth, 1 slightly shorter, 4–6 cm, pubescent at insertion point;

style straight, just exceeding the 4 longer stamens, slightly exserted.

Fruiting calyces

often tearing at sinuses (especially in cultivars), covering 1/2 mature capsule.

not tearing at sinuses, almost completely covering capsule.

Capsules

narrowly ellipsoid, ovoid, or globose, 1.2–2 cm.

ovoid, 1.5–1.8 cm.

Seeds

0.5 mm.

0.5 mm.

Rosette

leaves sessile;

blade elliptic, to 50 cm, base decurrent and often auriculate or clasping, surfaces viscid-pubescent.

2n

= 48.

= 24.

Nicotiana tabacum

Nicotiana sylvestris

Phenology Flowering year-round. Flowering year-round.
Habitat Disturbed areas, field edges. Disturbed areas, abandoned gardens.
Elevation 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) 0–2000 m. (0–6600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; GA; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; NC; SC; TN; VA; WV; ON; South America; cultivated nearly worldwide except Antarctica [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; South America (Argentina, Bolivia) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Europe (Germany, Sweden, United Kingdom)]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Nicotiana tabacum is the principal tobacco of commerce and was the mainstay of the economy of the Chesapeake Bay region during Colonial times. It replaced N. rustica as the main cultivated species in North America in the early 1600s. Most herbarium specimens of N. tabacum come from gardens or research greenhouses, but it occasionally escapes and is an ephemeral weed where the climate is mild. Commercial tobacco cultivars are grown for their large leaves, and flowers are removed to allow further growth of top leaves before harvest, but if marginal individuals are not harvested and are collected, they could be mistaken for naturalized weeds. Nicotiana tabacum is widely cultivated across North America.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Nicotiana sylvestris is widely cultivated and has been recorded as escaping, self-sowing, and persisting in disturbed areas. Most herbarium specimens have been collected from gardens or greenhouses, but the ease with which the species self-sows means it is likely to become at least ephemerally naturalized in areas with little frost.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Solanaceae > Nicotiana Solanaceae > Nicotiana
Sibling taxa
N. acuminata, N. attenuata, N. clevelandii, N. glauca, N. longiflora, N. obtusifolia, N. plumbaginifolia, N. quadrivalvis, N. repanda, N. rustica, N. sylvestris
N. acuminata, N. attenuata, N. clevelandii, N. glauca, N. longiflora, N. obtusifolia, N. plumbaginifolia, N. quadrivalvis, N. repanda, N. rustica, N. tabacum
Synonyms N. angustifolia, N. fruticosa
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 180. (1753) Spegazzini: Gartenflora 47: 131, fig. 38. (1898)
Web links