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long-flower tobacco

flowering tobacco, nicotiana sylvestris, South American tobacco

Habit Herbs, annual or biennial, from basal rosette. Herbs, perennial, [or soft-wooded small trees], from basal rosette that soon merges with cauline leaves.
Stems

single or with few spreading lateral branches, 5–8(–10) dm, sparsely pubescent, usually not viscid, tuberculate.

single or multiple, stout, branches erect, 4–30 dm, viscid-pubescent.

Cauline leaves

sessile;

blade ovate to lanceolate or linear, 1–5 cm, progressively smaller and more linear towards inflorescence, base auriculate, apex acute to attenuate, surfaces coarsely viscid-pubescent.

sessile;

proximal blades elliptic, distal elliptic to elliptic-ovate, decreasing in size distally, 20–50 cm, base auriculate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces viscid-pubescent.

Inflorescences

false racemes, occasionally with few weak branches, not leafy; flowering crepuscular.

branched panicles with congested branches, appearing moplike, leafy; flowering crepuscular.

Pedicels

0.5–1.3 cm.

0.5–1.5 cm (nodding, flowers pendent).

Flowers

calyx green or occasionally somewhat purplish-tinged, 1.5–2.5 cm, tube elliptic, 10-ribbed, sinus membranes long and transparent, minutely pubescent, sometimes viscid, lobes usually spreading, subulate, ± equal, equaling tube;

corolla straight, 4–12 cm (excluding limb), puberulent externally, tube and throat not well differentiated, straight, white or often grayish white, 2 mm diam. at base, gradually widening and somewhat broader in distal 1/4, abruptly swollen to 6 mm diam. just below constricted mouth, glabrous or minutely puberulent internally, limb spreading, sometimes with purplish-gray veins abaxially, adaxially white or ivory, stellate, 2–5 cm diam., lobes triangular to deltate, acute;

stamens inserted in upper part of tube just below mouth, included;

filaments unequal, free for at least some of their length (anthers not sessile),four 0.1–0.8 cm (2 of these slightly longer), 1 shorter, ca. 0.1 cm, glabrous;

style straight, just exceeding stamens, exserted from corolla mouth.

calyx green, oblong or subglobose (somewhat twisted), 1–1.8 cm, viscid-pubescent, lobes erect, deltate to triangular, equal or nearly so, much shorter than tube;

corolla white, straight or very slightly curved, 6–9 cm (excluding limb), minutely viscid-pubescent without, tube white, cylindric, straight or slightly curved, 2 cm × 1–2 mm, throat 40–70 mm, glabrous or minutely puberulent internally, ventricose and inflated in middle to distal 1/3 (often somewhat asymmetrically), narrowing toward apex with constriction at mouth, 5 mm diam., limb spreading, tips somewhat reflexed, white, stellate, 1.5–2 cm diam., lobes white, broadly triangular, acute apically;

stamens inserted subequally at base of throat, included;

filaments unequal, 4 longer, 4–7 cm, just reaching corolla mouth, 1 slightly shorter, 4–6 cm, pubescent at insertion point;

style straight, just exceeding the 4 longer stamens, slightly exserted.

Fruiting calyces

not tearing at scarious sinuses, nearly covering capsule, lobe tips spreading.

not tearing at sinuses, almost completely covering capsule.

Capsules

ovoid, 1.1–1.6 cm.

ovoid, 1.5–1.8 cm.

Seeds

0.5 mm.

0.5 mm.

Rosette

leaves sessile;

blade elliptic to oblanceolate, 10–30(–50) cm, base narrowed and winged, surfaces coarsely viscid-pubescent.

leaves sessile;

blade elliptic, to 50 cm, base decurrent and often auriculate or clasping, surfaces viscid-pubescent.

2n

= 20.

= 24.

Nicotiana longiflora

Nicotiana sylvestris

Phenology Flowering Apr–Aug. Flowering year-round.
Habitat Open fields, stream banks, wet places, ballast sites near ports. Disturbed areas, abandoned gardens.
Elevation 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) 0–2000 m. (0–6600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; IL; IN; LA; MA; MO; MS; TX; WV; ON; QC; South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Europe (Germany, Sweden), Africa (South Africa)]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; South America (Argentina, Bolivia) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Europe (Germany, Sweden, United Kingdom)]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Nicotiana longiflora is a relatively rare weed along rivers and in waste places. It could be confused with N. plumbaginifolia, with which it is sympatric along the Gulf Coast, but differs from that species in its much larger flowers and its strongly 10-ribbed calyx. In a vegetative state, the two species are very difficult to distinguish.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Nicotiana sylvestris is widely cultivated and has been recorded as escaping, self-sowing, and persisting in disturbed areas. Most herbarium specimens have been collected from gardens or greenhouses, but the ease with which the species self-sows means it is likely to become at least ephemerally naturalized in areas with little frost.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Solanaceae > Nicotiana Solanaceae > Nicotiana
Sibling taxa
N. acuminata, N. attenuata, N. clevelandii, N. glauca, N. obtusifolia, N. plumbaginifolia, N. quadrivalvis, N. repanda, N. rustica, N. sylvestris, N. tabacum
N. acuminata, N. attenuata, N. clevelandii, N. glauca, N. longiflora, N. obtusifolia, N. plumbaginifolia, N. quadrivalvis, N. repanda, N. rustica, N. tabacum
Synonyms N. acuta, N. acutiflora
Name authority Cavanilles: Descr. Pl., 106. (1802) Spegazzini: Gartenflora 47: 131, fig. 38. (1898)
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