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coyote tobacco, wild tobacco

flowering tobacco, nicotiana sylvestris, South American tobacco

Habit Herbs, annual, robust, from basal rosette. Herbs, perennial, [or soft-wooded small trees], from basal rosette that soon merges with cauline leaves.
Stems

single or with few weak lateral branches, 5–20 dm, viscid-pubescent or glabrate with few hairs with swollen bases.

single or multiple, stout, branches erect, 4–30 dm, viscid-pubescent.

Cauline leaves

petiole length to 1/2 blade, distal leaves sessile;

blade lanceolate to linear, progressively narrower distally, 2–8(–10.5) cm, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces viscid-pubescent or glabrate.

sessile;

proximal blades elliptic, distal elliptic to elliptic-ovate, decreasing in size distally, 20–50 cm, base auriculate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces viscid-pubescent.

Inflorescences

unbranched or with few short lateral branches, somewhat leafy; flowering crepuscular (early morning).

branched panicles with congested branches, appearing moplike, leafy; flowering crepuscular.

Pedicels

0.2–0.4 cm.

0.5–1.5 cm (nodding, flowers pendent).

Flowers

calyx uniformly green or with weakly developed veins, 0.6–1 cm, densely viscid-pubescent (hairs with swollen bases), lobes narrowly triangular, shorter than tube, unequal;

corolla straight, 2–3.5 cm (excluding limb), viscid-puberulent externally, tube creamy white or tinged with purple-green or gray-green, 0.5–0.7 cm × 1.5–2 mm, widening to throat 2–3 × 5 mm (asymmetrically dilated distally), glabrous or minutely puberulent within, limb spreading or slightly reflexed, white or cream, pentagonal to ± circular and often asymmetrically spreading, 0.4–0.8 cm diam., lobes shallow and rounded or obtuse, broadly triangular (proximal lobes reflexed);

stamens inserted near base of throat, included;

filaments unequal, 4 of 3 cm (2 of these slightly longer), 1 shorter, 1.5–2 cm, glabrous or minutely pubescent proximally;

style straight, just shorter than longest stamen pair.

calyx green, oblong or subglobose (somewhat twisted), 1–1.8 cm, viscid-pubescent, lobes erect, deltate to triangular, equal or nearly so, much shorter than tube;

corolla white, straight or very slightly curved, 6–9 cm (excluding limb), minutely viscid-pubescent without, tube white, cylindric, straight or slightly curved, 2 cm × 1–2 mm, throat 40–70 mm, glabrous or minutely puberulent internally, ventricose and inflated in middle to distal 1/3 (often somewhat asymmetrically), narrowing toward apex with constriction at mouth, 5 mm diam., limb spreading, tips somewhat reflexed, white, stellate, 1.5–2 cm diam., lobes white, broadly triangular, acute apically;

stamens inserted subequally at base of throat, included;

filaments unequal, 4 longer, 4–7 cm, just reaching corolla mouth, 1 slightly shorter, 4–6 cm, pubescent at insertion point;

style straight, just exceeding the 4 longer stamens, slightly exserted.

Fruiting calyces

not tearing at sinuses, covering to 1/2 of mature capsule.

not tearing at sinuses, almost completely covering capsule.

Capsules

ovoid, 0.8–1.2 cm.

ovoid, 1.5–1.8 cm.

Seeds

0.8 mm.

0.5 mm.

Rosette

leaves: petiole length shorter than or almost equaling blade (2–3 cm);

blade elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 5–10 cm, surfaces viscid-pubescent.

leaves sessile;

blade elliptic, to 50 cm, base decurrent and often auriculate or clasping, surfaces viscid-pubescent.

2n

= 24.

= 24.

Nicotiana attenuata

Nicotiana sylvestris

Phenology Flowering May–Nov. Flowering year-round.
Habitat Sandy slopes, banks and rocky outcrops, disturbed places, often appearing after fire. Disturbed areas, abandoned gardens.
Elevation (50–)1000–2600 m. ((200–)3300–8500 ft.) 0–2000 m. (0–6600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; TX; UT; WA; WY; BC; Mexico (Baja California, Sinaloa, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; South America (Argentina, Bolivia) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Europe (Germany, Sweden, United Kingdom)]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Nicotiana attenuata is the most common species of the genus in the Great Basin, and often forms large colonies after fires and other disturbance. It has been the subject of intensive study over many years by the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology at the Lytle Ranch Preserve in southwestern Utah (for example, C. Diezel et al. 2011; D. Kessler et al. 2015). There are some records of its use by Native American peoples as a smoking or chewing tobacco; it has also been reported as a medicinal plant used by the Zuni people (M. C. Stevenson 1915). Nicotiana torreyana A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride is an illegitimate name that has been applied to this species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Nicotiana sylvestris is widely cultivated and has been recorded as escaping, self-sowing, and persisting in disturbed areas. Most herbarium specimens have been collected from gardens or greenhouses, but the ease with which the species self-sows means it is likely to become at least ephemerally naturalized in areas with little frost.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Solanaceae > Nicotiana Solanaceae > Nicotiana
Sibling taxa
N. acuminata, N. clevelandii, N. glauca, N. longiflora, N. obtusifolia, N. plumbaginifolia, N. quadrivalvis, N. repanda, N. rustica, N. sylvestris, N. tabacum
N. acuminata, N. attenuata, N. clevelandii, N. glauca, N. longiflora, N. obtusifolia, N. plumbaginifolia, N. quadrivalvis, N. repanda, N. rustica, N. tabacum
Name authority Torrey ex S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 276, plate 27, figs. 1, 2. (1871) Spegazzini: Gartenflora 47: 131, fig. 38. (1898)
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