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coyote tobacco, wild tobacco

tex-mex tobacco

Habit Herbs, annual, robust, from basal rosette. Herbs, annual or occasionally biennial, from basal rosette.
Stems

single or with few weak lateral branches, 5–20 dm, viscid-pubescent or glabrate with few hairs with swollen bases.

single (slender and wiry), with long basal branches, 2–10 dm, tuberculate-hispid.

Cauline leaves

petiole length to 1/2 blade, distal leaves sessile;

blade lanceolate to linear, progressively narrower distally, 2–8(–10.5) cm, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces viscid-pubescent or glabrate.

sessile;

proximal blades rounded to ovate, distal blades lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1–5 cm, base clasping, apex acuminate and often twisted, surfaces hispid.

Inflorescences

unbranched or with few short lateral branches, somewhat leafy; flowering crepuscular (early morning).

simple or few-forked to more rarely many times branched, few-flowered, not leafy; flowering crepuscular.

Pedicels

0.2–0.4 cm.

0.3–0.7 cm.

Flowers

calyx uniformly green or with weakly developed veins, 0.6–1 cm, densely viscid-pubescent (hairs with swollen bases), lobes narrowly triangular, shorter than tube, unequal;

corolla straight, 2–3.5 cm (excluding limb), viscid-puberulent externally, tube creamy white or tinged with purple-green or gray-green, 0.5–0.7 cm × 1.5–2 mm, widening to throat 2–3 × 5 mm (asymmetrically dilated distally), glabrous or minutely puberulent within, limb spreading or slightly reflexed, white or cream, pentagonal to ± circular and often asymmetrically spreading, 0.4–0.8 cm diam., lobes shallow and rounded or obtuse, broadly triangular (proximal lobes reflexed);

stamens inserted near base of throat, included;

filaments unequal, 4 of 3 cm (2 of these slightly longer), 1 shorter, 1.5–2 cm, glabrous or minutely pubescent proximally;

style straight, just shorter than longest stamen pair.

calyx green or purplish green, elliptic to ovate, 10-ribbed, 0.8–1.3 cm, sinus membranes long, minutely hispid, lobes linear-subulate, equal, length ± equaling tube, tips somewhat spreading;

corolla straight, 2.5–3.5 cm (excluding limb), puberulent, tube and throat not clearly differentiated, white or greenish-gray tinged, 2.5–3.5 cm, gradually widening from 1 mm to 2 mm diam., abruptly swollen to 4 mm diam., just below contracted mouth, glabrous or minutely puberulent internally, limb spreading or slightly reflexed, cream or white, stellate, 1 cm diam., lobes white adaxially, ivory or greenish purple or with purplish veins abaxially, ovate-acute;

stamens inserted just below mouth (4 inserted 0.4 cm below mouth, one 0.4 cm lower), included;

filaments free for at least some of their length (anthers not sessile), 4 nearly shorter than 0.1 mm and sometimes unequal, one 1 mm, glabrous;

anthers to 0.1 mm;

style straight, equaling or just exceeding stamens.

Fruiting calyces

not tearing at sinuses, covering to 1/2 of mature capsule.

not tearing at sinuses, just covering capsule.

Capsules

ovoid, 0.8–1.2 cm.

narrowly ovoid, 0.8–1.1 cm.

Seeds

0.8 mm.

0.5 mm.

Rosette

leaves: petiole length shorter than or almost equaling blade (2–3 cm);

blade elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 5–10 cm, surfaces viscid-pubescent.

leaves: petiole short and broad-winged or leaves sessile;

blade spatulate, obovate, or oblanceolate, 5–30 cm, surfaces hispid.

2n

= 24.

= 24.

Nicotiana attenuata

Nicotiana plumbaginifolia

Phenology Flowering May–Nov. Flowering May–Jan.
Habitat Sandy slopes, banks and rocky outcrops, disturbed places, often appearing after fire. Moist ground, semishade, wide­spread in disturbed habitats.
Elevation (50–)1000–2600 m. ((200–)3300–8500 ft.) 0–2000 m. (0–6600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; TX; UT; WA; WY; BC; Mexico (Baja California, Sinaloa, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; LA; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America [Introduced in s Asia (India, Taiwan)]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Nicotiana attenuata is the most common species of the genus in the Great Basin, and often forms large colonies after fires and other disturbance. It has been the subject of intensive study over many years by the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology at the Lytle Ranch Preserve in southwestern Utah (for example, C. Diezel et al. 2011; D. Kessler et al. 2015). There are some records of its use by Native American peoples as a smoking or chewing tobacco; it has also been reported as a medicinal plant used by the Zuni people (M. C. Stevenson 1915). Nicotiana torreyana A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride is an illegitimate name that has been applied to this species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Solanaceae > Nicotiana Solanaceae > Nicotiana
Sibling taxa
N. acuminata, N. clevelandii, N. glauca, N. longiflora, N. obtusifolia, N. plumbaginifolia, N. quadrivalvis, N. repanda, N. rustica, N. sylvestris, N. tabacum
N. acuminata, N. attenuata, N. clevelandii, N. glauca, N. longiflora, N. obtusifolia, N. quadrivalvis, N. repanda, N. rustica, N. sylvestris, N. tabacum
Name authority Torrey ex S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 276, plate 27, figs. 1, 2. (1871) Viviani: Elench. Pl., 26, plate 1. (1802) — name conserved
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