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evening primrose, lemondrops

Andean evening-primrose, Blackfoot River evening-primrose, Blackfoot River suncup, obscure evening primrose, obscure suncup, plateau evening primrose, upland evening primrose

Habit Herbs, annual, caulescent; with slender taproot. Herbs finely strigillose, more densely so distally, especially on ovary.
Stems

densely leafy distally, nearly leafless proximally, with many slender, ascending branches from base.

erect to ascending, capillary, 1–15 cm.

Leaves

cauline, alternate, often appearing subverticillate and densely tufted;

stipules absent;

sessile;

blade margins entire.

linear to linear-oblanceolate.

Inflorescences

spikes, densely leafy.

Flowers

bisexual, actinomorphic, buds nodding, becoming erect;

floral tube deciduous (with sepals, petals, and stamens) after anthesis, relatively narrow, with basal nectary;

sepals 4, reflexed singly or in pairs;

petals 4, yellow, fading pale yellowish orange, without spots;

stamens 8 in 2 unequal series, epipetalous ones sometimes very reduced, or 4 in 1 series, epipetalous ones absent, anthers versatile, pollen shed singly;

ovary 4-locular, stigma entire, subglobose, surface probably wet and non-papillate.

opening near sunrise;

floral tube 0.8–2 mm;

sepals 0.8–2.5 mm;

petals 0.8–2.3 mm; episepalous filaments 0.5–2.2 mm, epipetalous filaments 0.1–0.5 mm, sometimes epipetalous stamens absent, anthers of longer stamens 0.2–0.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.1–0.5 mm;

style 1.7–3 mm, usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent near base, stigma 0.4–0.6 mm diam., surrounded by anthers at anthesis.

Fruit

a capsule, straight, strongly flattened, somewhat torulose, regularly loculicidal, dehiscent nearly throughout length;

sessile.

Capsules

ascending, strongly flattened from unequal width of valves, (5–)8–10 × 1–1.3 mm.

Seeds

numerous, in 1 row per locule, narrowly obovoid, smooth, shiny, without dots or blotches.

0.7–1.3 × 0.3–0.4 mm.

xI> = 7.

1

–3 × 0.1–0.3 cm.

2n

= 28, 42.

Neoholmgrenia

Neoholmgrenia andina

Phenology Flowering May–Jul.
Habitat Open places, clay or sandy soil, swales or drying meadows, playa bottoms, gravelly slopes, sagebrush scrub, pinyon-juniper woodlands.
Elevation 500–2000 m. (1600–6600 ft.)
Distribution
w North America
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 2 (2 in the flora).

R. A. Levin et al. (2004) found strong molecular support for Neoholmgrenia in a clade with Camissoniopsis and Tetrapteron. P. H. Raven (1969) found Neoholmgrenia (as Camissonia sect. Nematocaulis) to be one of the most distinctive groups in Camissonia by virtue of its relatively short (less than 10 mm), flattened capsules and densely clustered leaves near the tips of otherwise leafless stems. Reproductive features include: self-compatible; flowers diurnal; outcrossing and pollinated by small bees or flies, or autogamous and occasionally cleistogamous (Raven).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Some individuals of Neoholmgrenia andina have 3-merous flowers and some have stamens reduced to one whorl of four; both character states are possibly related to its predominant autogamous, and sometimes cleistogamous, habit (P. H. Raven 1969).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Petals 2.5–5 mm; styles 4.5–6 mm.
N. hilgardii
1. Petals 0.8–2.3 mm; styles 1.7–3 mm.
N. andina
Source FNA vol. 10. Author: Warren L. Wagner. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Neoholmgrenia
Sibling taxa
N. hilgardii
Subordinate taxa
N. andina, N. hilgardii
Synonyms Holmgrenia, Oenothera section nematocaulis Oenothera andina, Camissonia andina, Holmgrenia andina, O. andina var. anomala, Sphaerostigma andinum
Name authority W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Novon 19: 131. (2009) (Nuttall) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Novon 19: 131. (2009)
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