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Chilean needlegrass, Chilean tussockgrass

purple nassella, purple needlegrass, purple tussockgrass

Habit Plants perennial; shortly rhizomatous, appearing cespitose, rhizomes slender, somewhat woody. Plants perennial; cespitose, not rhizomatous.
Culms

30-100 cm tall, 0.4-0.7 mm thick, bases somewhat bulblike, erect, geniculate and often branching intra-vaginally at the lower cauline nodes, internodes glabrous;

nodes 5-8+, glabrous.

35-100 cm tall, 1.8-3.1 mm thick, erect or geniculate at the lowest nodes, sometimes scabrous below the panicles, internodes mostly glabrous, lower internodes sometimes pubescent below the nodes;

nodes 2-3, pubescent.

Sheaths

mostly glabrous, throats sometimes ciliate;

collars sparsely hairy, with tufts of hair at the sides, hairs 0.5-1.3 mm;

ligules 0.2-0.3 mm, truncate, usually ciliate;

blades 3-10 cm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, strongly convolute, stiff, abaxial surfaces glabrous, adaxial surfaces with coarse hairs.

glabrous or hairy, sometimes mostly glabrous, sometimes the distal margins ciliate, varying within a plant;

collars with tufts of hair at the sides, hairs 0.5-0.8 mm;

ligules 0.3-1.2 mm, glabrous, truncate to rounded;

blades 10-20 cm long, 0.8-3.5 mm wide, flat to convolute, abaxial surfaces glabrous or sparsely pilose.

Panicles

2-20 cm;

branches 0.4-1.2 cm, with 1-4 spikelets;

pedicels 0.5-4 mm.

18-60 cm, open;

branches 3-9 cm, spreading, flexuous, often pilose at the axils, with 2-6 spikelets;

pedicels 3-10 mm.

Glumes

subequal, 3-4.5 mm long, 1.1-1.6 mm wide, ovate, 3-veined, glabrous or puberulent, acuminate;

florets 1.6-2.2 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm wide, obovate to oblong, terete, widest near the top;

calluses 0.2-0.3 mm, obtuse, glabrous;

lemmas glabrous, smooth, lustrous, transition to the crown not evident;

crowns about 0.1 mm long and wide, not differing in texture from the lemmas;

awns 7-10 mm, eccentric, rapidly deciduous;

anthers about 1 mm or 0.3-0.4 mm, florets with longer anthers presumably chasmogamous, those with shorter anthers presumably cleistogamous.

subequal, 12-20 mm long, 1.1-2.2 mm wide, narrowly lanceolate, glabrous;

florets 7.5-11.5 mm long, about 1.2 mm thick, terete;

calluses 1.8-3.5 mm, sharp, strigose;

lemmas papillose, evenly pubescent at maturity, constricted below the crown;

crowns 0.6-1.1 mm long, 0.5-0.7 mm wide, straight-sided to slightly flared, rims with 0.8-0.9 mm hairs;

awns 38-100 mm long, 0.3-0.45 mm thick at the base, strongly twice-geniculate, terminal segment straight;

anthers 3.5-5.5 mm, penicillate.

Caryopses

about 1 mm.

4.5-6 mm.

2n

= 42.

= 64.

Nassella chilensis

Nassella pulchra

Distribution
from FNA
OR
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Nassella chilensis is an Andean species that was once collected from a ballast dump in Portland, Oregon. It is not established in the Flora region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Nassella pulchra grows in oak chaparral and grassland communities of the coast ranges and Sierra foothills of California, extending south into Mexico. It probably never formed extensive grasslands (Hamilton 1997), flourishing primarily in moderately disturbed areas. It resembles N. manicata, but has longer florets and less strongly developed crowns. Nassella pulchra and N. cernua sometimes hybridize.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 177. FNA vol. 24, p. 174.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Nassella Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Nassella
Sibling taxa
N. cernua, N. lepida, N. leucotricha, N. manicata, N. neesiana, N. pulchra, N. tenuissima, N. trichotoma, N. viridula
N. cernua, N. chilensis, N. lepida, N. leucotricha, N. manicata, N. neesiana, N. tenuissima, N. trichotoma, N. viridula
Synonyms Stipa pulchra
Name authority (Trin.) E. Desv. (Hitchc.) Barkworth
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