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bunch-flower narcissus, cream narcissus, paper white, paper white narcissus, polyanthus narcissus

daffodil, narcisse, narcissus

Habit Herbs perennial, scapose, from ovoid, tunicate bulbs.
Bulbs

ovoid, 4–6 × 3–5 cm, tunic pale to dark brown.

Leaves

4;

blade flat, 25–35 cm × 8–15(–20) mm, glaucous.

(1–)several;

blade linear to ligulate, flat to semiterete, fleshy.

Inflorescences

umbellate, 5–15-flowered, 25–35 cm;

spathe pale brown, 4–6 cm, papery.

umbellate in clusters of 2–20, or solitary, spathaceous;

spathe 1-valved, enclosing buds, membranous or papery.

Flowers

strongly fragrant;

perianth 2–4 cm wide;

perianth tube 1.5–2 cm, gradually tapering to base; distinct portions of tepals spreading to reflexed, white to cream, linear-ovate to oblanceolate, 1–2 × 0.5–1 cm, apex acute;

corona yellow, cup-shaped, 3–5 × 5–10 mm, apex crenulate to ruffled; 3 shorter stamens included within perianth tube, 3 longer stamens and style exserted into mouth of corona;

pedicel of variable length, to 8 cm.

pedicellate or sessile, erect or declinate, often fragrant;

tepals 6, connate proximally, distinct and reflexed to ascending distally, yellow and/or white;

perianth tube surmounted by a cupular to trumpetlike corona with margins often frilled;

stamens 6, epitepalous, often of 2 lengths;

filaments separate from corona;

anthers basifixed;

ovary inferior, 3-locular;

style often exserted;

stigma minutely 3-lobed.

Fruits

capsular, 3-locular, papery to leathery, dehiscence loculidical.

Seeds

numerous, subglobose, often with elaiosomes;

testa black.

x

= 7, 11.

2n

= 22.

Narcissus tazetta

Narcissus

Phenology Flowering late winter–spring.
Habitat Roadsides, waste places
Elevation 0–100 m (0–300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; FL; LA; MS; NC; OR; SC; TX; VA; w Europe (s Portugal); Mediterranean region; sw Asia (Iran); naturalized in Kashmir; China; and Japan; expected naturalized elsewhere [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Europe; n Africa; Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced and naturalized elsewhere]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species ca. 26 (5 in the flora).

Narcissus species and especially a vast array of their natural hybrids and garden cultivars are among the most popular spring flowers (A. Huxley et al. 1992). Many species are extremely variable due to horticultural selection and naturalization. Besides the following species, many of the cultivars also may persist around old gardens, although they never fully naturalize.

All parts of the plant are poisonous, especially the bulb, due to phenanthridine alkaloids such as narcissine and lycorine (G. E. Burrows and R. J. Tyrl 2001).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Inflorescences 1-flowered.
→ 2
1. Inflorescences umbellate, (1–)2–20-flowered.
→ 3
2. Corona tubular, ± equal in length to free portions of tepals; tepals yellow; stamens uniseriate.
N. pseudonarcissus
2. Corona cup-shaped, much shorter than free portions of tepals; tepals white; stamens biseriate.
N. poeticus
3. Leaf blades nearly terete, 2–4 mm wide; flowers uniformly golden yellow.
N. jonquilla
3. Leaf blades flat, 6–15(–20) mm wide; flowers white, or yellow and white.
→ 4
4. Tepals and corona white.
N. papyraceus
4. Tepals white to cream, corona yellow.
N. tazetta
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 296. FNA vol. 26, p. 294. Authors: Gerald B. Straley†, Frederick H. Utech.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Narcissus Liliaceae
Sibling taxa
N. jonquilla, N. papyraceus, N. poeticus, N. pseudonarcissus
Subordinate taxa
N. jonquilla, N. papyraceus, N. poeticus, N. pseudonarcissus, N. tazetta
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 290. (1753) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 289. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 141. (1754)
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