Narcissus tazetta |
Narcissus |
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bunch-flower narcissus, cream narcissus, paper white, paper white narcissus, polyanthus narcissus |
daffodil, narcisse, narcissus |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, scapose, from ovoid, tunicate bulbs. | |||||||||||||||||
Bulbs | ovoid, 4–6 × 3–5 cm, tunic pale to dark brown. |
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Leaves | 4; blade flat, 25–35 cm × 8–15(–20) mm, glaucous. |
(1–)several; blade linear to ligulate, flat to semiterete, fleshy. |
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Inflorescences | umbellate, 5–15-flowered, 25–35 cm; spathe pale brown, 4–6 cm, papery. |
umbellate in clusters of 2–20, or solitary, spathaceous; spathe 1-valved, enclosing buds, membranous or papery. |
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Flowers | strongly fragrant; perianth 2–4 cm wide; perianth tube 1.5–2 cm, gradually tapering to base; distinct portions of tepals spreading to reflexed, white to cream, linear-ovate to oblanceolate, 1–2 × 0.5–1 cm, apex acute; corona yellow, cup-shaped, 3–5 × 5–10 mm, apex crenulate to ruffled; 3 shorter stamens included within perianth tube, 3 longer stamens and style exserted into mouth of corona; pedicel of variable length, to 8 cm. |
pedicellate or sessile, erect or declinate, often fragrant; tepals 6, connate proximally, distinct and reflexed to ascending distally, yellow and/or white; perianth tube surmounted by a cupular to trumpetlike corona with margins often frilled; stamens 6, epitepalous, often of 2 lengths; filaments separate from corona; anthers basifixed; ovary inferior, 3-locular; style often exserted; stigma minutely 3-lobed. |
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Fruits | capsular, 3-locular, papery to leathery, dehiscence loculidical. |
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Seeds | numerous, subglobose, often with elaiosomes; testa black. |
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x | = 7, 11. |
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2n | = 22. |
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Narcissus tazetta |
Narcissus |
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Phenology | Flowering late winter–spring. | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Roadsides, waste places | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; FL; LA; MS; NC; OR; SC; TX; VA; w Europe (s Portugal); Mediterranean region; sw Asia (Iran); naturalized in Kashmir; China; and Japan; expected naturalized elsewhere [Introduced in North America]
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Europe; n Africa; Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced and naturalized elsewhere] |
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Discussion | Species ca. 26 (5 in the flora). Narcissus species and especially a vast array of their natural hybrids and garden cultivars are among the most popular spring flowers (A. Huxley et al. 1992). Many species are extremely variable due to horticultural selection and naturalization. Besides the following species, many of the cultivars also may persist around old gardens, although they never fully naturalize. All parts of the plant are poisonous, especially the bulb, due to phenanthridine alkaloids such as narcissine and lycorine (G. E. Burrows and R. J. Tyrl 2001). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 296. | FNA vol. 26, p. 294. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Narcissus | Liliaceae | ||||||||||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 290. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 289. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 141. (1754) | ||||||||||||||||
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