Flora of North America species comparison

often branched, to 0.6 m. Turions present, ± brown, narrowly cylindrical, with gradual transition from foliage leaves to highly reduced turion leaves, (4–)7–12(–20)× 0.5–2(–3) mm, apex rounded to truncate;

leaves often pectinate proximally and entire to 3-fid distally, strongly appressed to axis, lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or ovate in outline, (1.5–)2–4(–6.5) × (0.2–)0.3–2(–2.5) mm;

segments 0–6(–10), longest segment 0.5–2 mm, basal segment less than or equal to 1/2 central axisof leaf, apex ± acute or rounded, brown, long-necked, ascidiate trichomes in axils present.

often branched, to 1 m. Turions absent.

opposite or in whorls of 3(or 4), heteromorphic;

petiole 0–9 mm; submersed leaves usually pectinate, sometimes 2- or 3-lobed, ovate to widely ovate or trullate in outline, (1.3–)5–22(–26) × (0.3–)3–28(–35) mm, segments(0–)4–12(–14), distinctly alternate, lobed to linear-filiform, longest segment (0.5–)2–20(–25) mm; emersed leaves usually linear, spatulate, or 2- or 3-lobed, sometimes pectinate proximally, (1.7–)2.5–9(–10.5) × 0.3–3.5(–5) mm, segments (0–)2–8(–12), lobed to linear-filiform.

usually alternate or opposite, rarely in whorls of 3(or 4), heteromorphic;

petiole to 4 mm; submersed leaves pectinate, ovate to elliptic in outline, (5.5–)10–27(–30) × (4.4–)6–22(–33) mm, segments (2–)4–13(–14), linear-filiform, longest segment (3–)8–17(–22.5) mm; emersed leaves usually pectinate to pinnatifid proximally, linear to spatulate or lobed distally, 5–9(–12.5) × 0.3–3(–6) mm, segments (0–)4–6(–9).

to 12 cm;

flowers usually unisexual, rarely bisexual;

bracteoles cream to stramineous, lanceolate, elliptic, ovate, or obovate, (0.2–)0.3–0.7(–0.9) × (0.1–)0.2–0.4(–0.5) mm, margins entire, irregular, dentate, glandular, or lobed.

to 35 cm, sometimes submersed with flowers in axils of unmodified, pectinate leaves;

flowers proximally pistillate, distally staminate;

bracteoles cream, oblong to elliptic to ovate or triangular, 0.3–0.7 × 0.1–0.4 mm, margins entire or irregularly lobed, apex often aristate.

sepals cream, elliptic to lanceolate, 0.5–0.7 × 0.2–0.5 mm;

petals persistent, cream, sometimes apically suffused with purple, widely oblanceolate, 1.2–2.5 × 0.7–1.2 mm;

stamens 8, filaments to 1.4 mm, anthers 0.9–1.8 × 0.2–0.4 mm.

sepals cream to stramineous, triangular, 0.1–0.2 × 0.1–0.2 mm;

petals caducous, purple, elliptic to obovate, 0.6–1.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm;

stamens 4, filaments to 0.9 mm, anthers 0.3–0.8 × 0.1–0.3 mm.

sepals and petals rudimentary or absent;

pistils to 0.7 mm, stigmas white, to 0.3 mm.

sepals cream to stramineous, triangular, 0.1–0.2 × 0.1 mm;

petals caducous, purple, elliptic to obovate, 0.3–0.5 × 0.2–0.3 mm;

pistils 0.7–0.9 mm, stigmas red to ± purple, to 0.2 mm.

subglobose, 4-lobed.

cylindric, deeply 4-lobed.

brown, obovate, 0.8 × 0.6 mm, abaxial surface rounded, minutely tuberculate, wings and ribs absent.

tan to red-brown or purple, cylindric to narrowly ovoid, (0.6–)0.8–1.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm, transversely elliptic to ovate, abaxial surface rounded, sparsely to densely tuberculate, tubercles relatively small, shallow, wings and ridges absent.

= [14] 21.