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common grape-hyacinth, grape hyacinth, muscari

grape-hyacinth

Habit Plants to 20(–30) cm. Herbs perennial, scapose, from brown, tunicate, ovoid bulbs, with or without offsets (bulblets).
Bulbs

ovoid, 1.5–2.5 × 1–2 cm, offsets absent, tunics translucent to pale brown.

Leaves

2–4(–5);

blade prominently ribbed, linear-spatulate, 15–35(–40) cm × 3–8(–12) mm, apex abruptly contracted.

(1–)2–7, basal;

blade linear, sometimes sulcate, glabrous, rather fleshy.

Scape

20–35(–40) cm, usually slightly exceeding leaves.

terete.

Racemes

12–20-flowered.

Inflorescences

terminally racemose, many-flowered, dense, bracteate, usually elongating in fruit;

distal flowers smaller, sterile, differing in color, forming a tuft (coma);

bracts minute.

Flowers

perianth tube sky blue, globose to ovoid, 2–4 × 2–3 mm, teeth white;

fertile and sterile flowers ± equal (sterile may be slightly smaller and paler);

pedicel spreading, 1–3(–5) mm.

fragrant;

perianth tubular to urceolate, usually constricted basally;

tepals 6, connate most of their length, distal portions distinct, reflexed, short, toothlike;

stamens 6, epitepalous, in 2 rows, included;

anthers dark blue, dorsifixed, globose;

ovary superior, green, 3-locular, inner sepal nectaries present;

style 1;

stigma 3-lobed.

Fruits

capsular, obtusely 3-angled, papery, dehiscence loculicidal.

Capsules

4–6 × 4–6 mm.

Seeds

6, black, globose, wrinkled to reticulate.

x

= 9.

2n

= 18, 36.

Muscari botryoides

Muscari

Phenology Flowering early–mid spring.
Habitat Roadsides, fields, woods, abandoned gardens
Elevation 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WV; BC; NF; NS; ON; c Europe; se Europe; expected elsewhere [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
temperate Europe; n Africa; sw Asia [Introduced in North America; expected introduced elsewhere]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Muscari botryoides is the commonest and most cold-hardy of the Muscari species in the flora.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species ca. 30 (3 in the flora).

Various species and cultivated forms of Muscari are commonly grown for their early spring flowers. They may reseed in the flora area, but they are mostly transported in soil containing the bulblets.

Muscari armeniacum Baker has been attributed to the flora, but no definite records of naturalized plants have been found. Herbarium specimens of that species are difficult to distinguish from those of M. neglectum, but live specimens of M. armeniacum have much paler blue flowers (A. Huxley et al. 1992).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Tepals of fertile flowers pale to olive brown, sterile flowers bright violet, shorter than the 6–25 mm ascending pedicels.
M. comosum
1. Tepals of fertile and sterile flowers blue, longer than the 1–4(–5) mm declined, nodding, or spreading pedicels.
→ 2
2. Racemes 12–20-flowered; leaf blades 3–8 mm wide; perianth tubes of fertile flowers globose, sky blue.
M. botryoides
2. Racemes 20–40-flowered; leaf blades 2–4(–5) mm; perianth tubes of fertile flowers obovoid to oblong-urceolate or cylindric, blackish blue.
M. neglectum
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 317. FNA vol. 26, p. 316. Authors: Gerald B. Straley†, Frederick H. Utech.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Muscari Liliaceae
Sibling taxa
M. comosum, M. neglectum
Subordinate taxa
M. botryoides, M. comosum, M. neglectum
Synonyms Hyacinthus botryoides
Name authority (Linnaeus) Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Muscari no. 1. (1768) Miller: Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4, vol. 2. (1754)
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