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foxtail muhly

bull muhly, bullgrass, Gooding's muhly

Habit Plants perennial; rhizomatous, not cespitose. Plants perennial; cespitose, not rhizomatous.
Culms

25-85 cm tall, 0.9-1.7 mm thick, ascending;

internodes glabrous for most of their length, scabrous to strigose below the nodes.

(50)80-150 cm, stout, erect, not conspicuously branched;

internodes smooth for most of their length, smooth or scabridulous below the nodes.

Sheaths

scabridulous, especially basally;

ligules 0.5-1.5 mm, membranous, truncate, lacerate to ciliate;

blades 4-16 cm long, 2-4(5) mm wide, flat, scabrous abaxially, pubescent adaxially.

shorter or longer than the internodes, glabrous or puberulent, basal sheaths laterally compressed, usually keeled;

ligules 10-25 mm, membranous throughout, acuminate, lacerate;

blades 20-50 cm long, 2-6 mm wide, flat or folded, scabrous abaxially, smooth or scabridulous adaxially.

Panicles

2-15 cm long, 0.5-2.8 cm wide, contracted, dense;

primary branches 0.5-5 cm, appressed to strongly ascending;

pedicels 0.5-1.5 mm, appressed, strigose.

20-45 cm long, 3-15 cm wide, loosely contracted to open, light purplish to light brownish;

primary branches 1-17 cm, lax, loosely appressed or diverging up to 70° from the rachises, naked basally;

pedicels 0.5-3 mm, smooth or scabridulous.

Spikelets

2-4 mm.

2.2-3.2 mm.

Glumes

equal to subequal, 2-4 mm, subequal to or longer than the florets, 1-veined, veins scabridulous, apices acuminate to awn-tipped;

lemmas 2-3.5 mm, lanceolate, grayish-green, hairy on the calluses and lemma bases, hairs 2-3.5 mm, apices acuminate, awned, awns 1-10 mm;

paleas 2-3.5 mm, lanceolate, bases with silky hairs between the veins, apices acuminate;

anthers 0.4-1.5 mm, yellow.

subequal, 2.2-3.2 mm, exceeding the florets, scabridulous to scabrous, faintly 1-veined, acute to obtuse, usually unawned, occasionally awned, awns to 0.2 mm;

lemmas 2-3 mm, oblong-elliptic, shortly pubescent on the lower 1/2 - 3/4, apices acute, usually awned, sometimes unawned, awns to 15 mm, flexuous, purplish;

paleas 1.8-2.9 mm, oblong-elliptic, acute;

anthers 1.2-1.6 mm, yellowish to purplish.

Caryopses

0.9-1.1 mm, cylindrical, yellowish-brown.

1.3-1.6 mm, fusiform, reddish-brown.

2n

= 20.

= 24, 26, 28, 40, 42, 46, 60, 64.

Muhlenbergia andina

Muhlenbergia emersleyi

Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; KS; MT; NM; NV; OR; TX; UT; WA; WY; BC; MB; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NC; NM; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Muhlenbergia andina grows in damp places such as stream banks, gravel bars, marshes, lake margins, damp meadows, around springs, and in canyons, at elevations of 700-3000 m. It grows only in the western part of southern Canada and the contiguous United States.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Muhlenbergia emersleyi grows on rocky slopes, gravelly washes, canyons, cliffs, and arroyos, often in soils derived from limestone, at elevations of 1200-2500 m, and is also grown as an ornamental. Its range extends from the southwestern United States through Mexico to Panama.

Muhlenbergia emersleyi differs from the closely related M. longiligula in its compressed-keeled sheaths, pubescent florets, and membranous ligules.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25, p. 156. FNA vol. 25, p. 185.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Chloridoideae > tribe Cynodonteae > Muhlenbergia Poaceae > subfam. Chloridoideae > tribe Cynodonteae > Muhlenbergia
Sibling taxa
M. appressa, M. arenacea, M. arenicola, M. arizonica, M. arsenei, M. asperifolia, M. brevis, M. bushii, M. californica, M. capillaris, M. crispiseta, M. curtifolia, M. cuspidata, M. depauperata, M. diversiglumis, M. dubia, M. dumosa, M. elongata, M. eludens, M. emersleyi, M. expansa, M. filiculmis, M. filiformis, M. fragilis, M. frondosa, M. glabrifloris, M. glauca, M. glomerata, M. jonesii, M. lindheimeri, M. longiligula, M. mexicana, M. microsperma, M. minutissima, M. montana, M. palmeri, M. pauciflora, M. pectinata, M. peruviana, M. polycaulis, M. porteri, M. pungens, M. racemosa, M. ramulosa, M. repens, M. reverchonii, M. richardsonis, M. rigens, M. rigida, M. schreberi, M. sericea, M. setifolia, M. sinuosa, M. sobolifera, M. spiciformis, M. straminea, M. sylvatica, M. tenuiflora, M. tenuifolia, M. texana, M. thurberi, M. torreyana, M. torreyi, M. uniflora, M. utilis, M. villiflora, M. wrightii, M. ×curtisetosa, M. ×involuta
M. andina, M. appressa, M. arenacea, M. arenicola, M. arizonica, M. arsenei, M. asperifolia, M. brevis, M. bushii, M. californica, M. capillaris, M. crispiseta, M. curtifolia, M. cuspidata, M. depauperata, M. diversiglumis, M. dubia, M. dumosa, M. elongata, M. eludens, M. expansa, M. filiculmis, M. filiformis, M. fragilis, M. frondosa, M. glabrifloris, M. glauca, M. glomerata, M. jonesii, M. lindheimeri, M. longiligula, M. mexicana, M. microsperma, M. minutissima, M. montana, M. palmeri, M. pauciflora, M. pectinata, M. peruviana, M. polycaulis, M. porteri, M. pungens, M. racemosa, M. ramulosa, M. repens, M. reverchonii, M. richardsonis, M. rigens, M. rigida, M. schreberi, M. sericea, M. setifolia, M. sinuosa, M. sobolifera, M. spiciformis, M. straminea, M. sylvatica, M. tenuiflora, M. tenuifolia, M. texana, M. thurberi, M. torreyana, M. torreyi, M. uniflora, M. utilis, M. villiflora, M. wrightii, M. ×curtisetosa, M. ×involuta
Synonyms Epicampes subpatens
Name authority (Nutt.) Hitchc. Vasey
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