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California spineflower

perfoliate spineflower

Habit Plants (0.3–)0.5–3(–5) ×1–6(–8) dm. Plants (0.2–)0.3–2(–3) ×0.5–5 dm.
Leaves

petiole 0.5–3 cm;

blade narrowly spatulate to obovate, (0.5–)1–5 × (0.1–)0.2–0.8(–1.2) cm.

petiole inconspicuous;

blade spatulate, (1–)2–5 × (0.2–)0.3–1.2(–2) cm.

Inflorescences

bracts 3(–5), unilateral, spreading to nearly erect, connate for 1/2 their length, triangular to ovate or oblong, becoming acerose only at terminal nodes and then linear to linear-lanceolate, 0.5–1(–2) cm, apex acute to obtuse;

awns 1–2.5(–3) mm.

Involucres

1–3, (2–)3(–4)-angled, obscurely ribbed and not corrugate, not ventricose, 2.5–5(–7) mm;

teeth (2–)3(–4), spreading to strongly divergent, glandular or slightly hirsute;

awns divergent, (0.5–)1–2.5(–3) mm.

1, 4-angled, distinctly ribbed and usually corrugate, often strongly ventricose, 3–5(–6) mm;

teeth 4, spreading to strongly divergent, glandular or strongly hirsute;

awns straight, (0.3–)0.5–1.2 mm.

Flowers

1(–2);

perianth 1.5–2.5(–3) mm, pubescent at least near base abaxially;

tepals oblong, entire apically;

stamens 6–9;

filaments 1–2(–2.5) mm;

anthers 0.5–0.7 mm.

1;

perianth 1.5–3(–3.5) mm, pubescent abaxially;

tepals narrowly oblanceolate, erose or fimbriate apically, infrequently entire or 2-lobed;

stamens 9;

filaments 1–2.5(–3) mm;

anthers 0.5–0.8(–0.9) mm.

Achenes

2–3 mm.

2–3 mm.

Inflor

-escences: bracts 3, spreading to nearly erect, perfoliate, becoming 1-sided and weakly perfoliate apically, connate for nearly their entire length, orbiculate, 0.5–1(–2) cm, apex acute to obtuse;

awns 0.3–1.2(–1.5) mm.

2n

= 38.

= 38, 40.

Mucronea californica

Mucronea perfoliata

Phenology Flowering Mar–Aug. Flowering Mar–Jul.
Habitat Sandy flats and slopes, coastal grassland, coastal sage and chaparral communities, pine-oak woodlands Sandy to gravelly flats and slopes, mixed grassland, saltbush, creosote bush, and chaparral communities, pine-oak woodlands
Elevation 0-1000(-1400) m (0-3300(-4600) ft) 100-1600(-1900) m (300-5200(-6200) ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Mucronea californica is found mainly along the Pacific Coast from San Luis Obispo County south to San Diego County and inland in the southern Coast and Transverse ranges from Monterey County to Los Angeles and western Riverside County. Given the extensive urbanization in southern California, California spineflower is now uncommon there. Along the coast, and especially in San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara counties, it can be weedy in deep, moving sands. Mucronea californica and M. perfoliata sometimes are found growing together without indication of intergradation.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Mucronea perfoliata is found in the Coast and Transverse ranges from Stanislaus County south to Ventura County, and in the San Joaquin Valley from Kings County south to the Tehachapi Mountains and the northwestern edge of the Mojave Desert in Kern County.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 471. FNA vol. 5, p. 471.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Eriogonoideae > Mucronea Polygonaceae > subfam. Eriogonoideae > Mucronea
Sibling taxa
M. perfoliata
M. californica
Synonyms Chorizanthe californica, Chorizanthe californica var. suksdorfii, M. californica var. suksdorfii Chorizanthe perfoliata, M. perfoliata var. opaca
Name authority Bentham: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 419, plate 20. (1836) (A. Gray) A. Heller: Muhlenburgia 2: 23. (1905)
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