Mucronea californica |
Mucronea |
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California spineflower |
California spineflower, spineflower |
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Habit | Plants (0.3–)0.5–3(–5) ×1–6(–8) dm. | Herbs, annual; taproot slender. | ||||
Stems | arising directly from the root, erect to spreading, solid, not fistulose or disarticulating into ringlike segments, sparsely glandular-pubescent. |
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Leaves | petiole 0.5–3 cm; blade narrowly spatulate to obovate, (0.5–)1–5 × (0.1–)0.2–0.8(–1.2) cm. |
usually quickly deciduous, basal, rosulate; petiole absent; blade spatulate to obovate, margins entire. |
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Inflorescences | bracts 3(–5), unilateral, spreading to nearly erect, connate for 1/2 their length, triangular to ovate or oblong, becoming acerose only at terminal nodes and then linear to linear-lanceolate, 0.5–1(–2) cm, apex acute to obtuse; awns 1–2.5(–3) mm. |
terminal, cymose, uniparous due to suppression of secondaries; branches dichotomous, not brittle or disarticulating into segments, round, sparsely glandular-pubescent; bracts 3(–5), positioned to side of node or perfoliate and completely but unequally surrounding node, connate nearly completely, triangular to ovate or oblong, awned, sparsely glandular-pubescent. |
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Peduncles | absent. |
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Involucres | 1–3, (2–)3(–4)-angled, obscurely ribbed and not corrugate, not ventricose, 2.5–5(–7) mm; teeth (2–)3(–4), spreading to strongly divergent, glandular or slightly hirsute; awns divergent, (0.5–)1–2.5(–3) mm. |
1–3 per node, tubular, cylindric, (2–)3–4-angled, slightly ventricose on the angles in some; teeth (2–)3–4, awn-tipped. |
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Flowers | 1(–2); perianth 1.5–2.5(–3) mm, pubescent at least near base abaxially; tepals oblong, entire apically; stamens 6–9; filaments 1–2(–2.5) mm; anthers 0.5–0.7 mm. |
1(–2) per involucre; perianth white to pink, campanulate when open, cylindric when closed, pubescent abaxially; tepals 6, connate ca. 1/3 their length, monomorphic, entire or erose to fimbriate apically; stamens 6–9; filaments free, glabrous; anthers pink to red, oblong. |
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Achenes | 2–3 mm. |
mostly included, brown to black, not winged, globose-lenticular, glabrous. |
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Seeds | embryo straight. |
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x | = 19. |
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2n | = 38. |
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Mucronea californica |
Mucronea |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Aug. | |||||
Habitat | Sandy flats and slopes, coastal grassland, coastal sage and chaparral communities, pine-oak woodlands | |||||
Elevation | 0-1000(-1400) m (0-3300(-4600) ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA
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CA |
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Discussion | Mucronea californica is found mainly along the Pacific Coast from San Luis Obispo County south to San Diego County and inland in the southern Coast and Transverse ranges from Monterey County to Los Angeles and western Riverside County. Given the extensive urbanization in southern California, California spineflower is now uncommon there. Along the coast, and especially in San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara counties, it can be weedy in deep, moving sands. Mucronea californica and M. perfoliata sometimes are found growing together without indication of intergradation. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 471. | FNA vol. 5, p. 470. | ||||
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Eriogonoideae > Mucronea | Polygonaceae > subfam. Eriogonoideae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Chorizanthe californica, Chorizanthe californica var. suksdorfii, M. californica var. suksdorfii | Chorizanthe section M. | ||||
Name authority | Bentham: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 419, plate 20. (1836) | Bentham: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 405, 419, plate 20. (1836) | ||||
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