Momordica charantia |
Momordica |
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balsam-pear, bitter-melon |
balsam-apple, bitter melon, cundeamor, momordica |
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Habit | Plants annual [perennial], monoecious [dioecious], climbing or trailing; stems glabrous or hairy; roots fibrous; tendrils unbranched [2-branched]. | |||||
Leaves | simple or compound; blade broadly ovate or reniform to orbiculate, palmately 3–7[–9]-lobed, usually pedate, lobes broadly ovate, rhombic-ovate, ovate-oblong, or ovate-elliptic, margins coarsely and widely dentate to crenate-dentate or sinuate-dentate, [mucronulate-dentate or remotely denticulate], surfaces eglandular. |
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Inflorescences | staminate flowers solitary, [corymbose, racemose, or umbellate], axillary; pistillate flowers solitary, from different axils than staminate; peduncles erect at apex; bracts persistent, ovate-cordate, reniform, or orbiculate-cordate [ovate, rhombic-ovate]. |
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Flowers | hypanthium obconic; sepals 5, linear to ovate-lanceolate or ovate-acuminate; petals 5, distinct, yellow to bright yellow [greenish yellow], obovate or oblong [suborbiculate], [5–]7–25[–32] mm, glabrous, corolla rotate to broadly and shallowly campanulate. |
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Staminate flowers | stamens (2–)3; filaments inserted near hypanthium rim, staminodes absent or 3, glandular. |
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Fruits | berrylike or capsular, pendent, red or red-orange to yellow-orange, oblong-fusiform to ellipsoidal, cylindric or ovoid, beaked, fleshy, thick-walled, irregularly tuberculate to muricate, muriculate, or irregularly smooth-ridged, glabrous, apically dehiscent by 3 valves [indehiscent or irregularly dehiscent]. |
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Seeds | 10–50, oblong to ovoid-oblong beyond narrowed base, turgid or flattened, red-arillate, margins grooved, surfaces smooth or sculptured. |
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x | = 11, 14. |
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Momordica charantia |
Momordica |
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Distribution |
AL; CT; FL; GA; LA; PA; Africa
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Asia; Africa; Australia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies, South America, Europe, se Asia, Pacific Islands, Australia] |
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (1 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 59 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 8. | FNA vol. 6, p. 7. | ||||
Parent taxa | Cucurbitaceae > Momordica | Cucurbitaceae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1009. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1009. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 440. (1754) | ||||
Web links |