Mnium spinulosum |
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largetooth calcareous moss, Menzies' red-mouth minium, red-mouth leafy moss |
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Habit | Plants 0.5–1(–2.5) cm. |
Stems | red or reddish brown. |
Leaves | green to dark green, slightly contorted or undulate when dry, obovate or occasionally elliptic, 2.5–5 mm; base long-decurrent; margins reddish brown, multistratose with stereid band, toothed distally, teeth paired, long, sharp; apex acute, obtuse, or rounded-acute, cuspidate, cusp toothed; costa percurrent or excurrent, distal abaxial surface smooth, sometimes with few small teeth; medial laminal cells ± isodiametric or short-elongate, 25–40 µm, smaller towards margins, not in rows, not collenchymatous, blue postmortal color absent; marginal cells linear, in (3–)4–5 rows. |
Seta | single or multiple. |
Sexual condition | synoicous. |
Capsule | pale yellow, 1.5–4 mm; operculum rostrate; exostome dark reddish brown, often purplish. |
Spores | 16–24 µm. |
Mnium spinulosum |
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Phenology | Capsules mature late spring. |
Habitat | Forests, on humus, logs, rock, base of trees |
Elevation | low to moderate elevations |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CT; GA; ID; IL; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NH; NY; OR; RI; SD; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia
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Discussion | Mnium spinulosum is distinguished by usually obovate leaves with broad, thick, and pigmented margins, and dark reddish brown exostomes. The capsule mouths are dark reddish brown; H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) referred to this species as the red-mouthed mnium. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 28, p. 228. |
Parent taxa | Mniaceae > Mnium |
Sibling taxa | |
Name authority | Bruch & Schimper: Bryol. Europ. 4: 206, plate 394. (1846) |
Web links |
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