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four o'clock, four o'clock flower, four o'clock umbrella-wort, marvel of peru, wishbone bush

linearleaf four-o'clock, narrow leaf four o'clock, narrow-leaf umbrella-wort

Stems

decumbent, ascending, or erect, sparsely leafy with few stems to very leafy and bushy branched, leafy primarily in proximal 1/5 to throughout, 1–1.3 dm, basally minutely puberulent in 2 lines, sparsely or densely spreading-hirsute, or rarely glabrate or glabrous; distally minutely puberulent in 2 lines, sparsely or densely spreading-hirsute, or rarely glabrate or glabrous, usually glandular-puberulent or pubescent in inflorescence.

Leaves

strongly ascending to spreading at 5–80°;

petiole 0–1.5 cm;

blade green to blue-gray and glaucous, linear to linear-lanceolate, rarely lanceolate, 3–11.5 × 0.1–1(–1.8) cm, thin to fleshy, thick, and succulent, base long attenuate or narrowly acute, apex acutely tapered to rounded, surfaces glabrous, glandular-pubescent, or hirsute.

Inflorescences

axillary and terminal, when axillary, consisting of single involucres or short branches, when terminal with ± well-defined central axis and shorter side branches, or narrowly to widely forked without main axis;

peduncle 3–10 mm, usually spreading glandular-puberulent or pilose, crosswalls of hairs pale or dark;

involucres pale green, sometimes tinged with purple, narrowly to widely bell-shaped, 3–6 mm in flower, 4–10(–15) mm in fruit, spreading viscid-pubescent to hirsute, 40–70% connate, lobes ovate.

Flowers

3 per involucre;

perianth white to purple-pink, 0.7–1.1 cm.

Fruits

olive brown or dark olive brown, narrowly obovate and tapering at both ends to obovoid, 3.1–5.5 mm, pubescent with spreading crinkled hairs in tufts or ± evenly distributed, hairs 0.1–0.5 mm;

ribs sometimes slightly paler, slightly elevated above surface (usually less than 0.5 times as wide as high), low rounded to round-angled, 0.5–1 times width of sulci, 0.3–1 times as wide as high, smooth throughout or sometimes rugose on sides, occasionally interrupted and tuberculate near apex;

sulci with small or rarely large tubercles, or low and inconspicuous or occasionally high and prominently cross-rugose.

Mirabilis jalapa

Mirabilis linearis

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TX; UT; VA; VT; Mexico [Introduced in North America and elsewhere]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; CT; IL; IN; KS; MI; MO; MS; MT; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OK; PA; SD; TN; TX; UT; WI; WY; AB; MB; SK; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (1 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 3 (3 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems hirsute, at least basally
var. subhispida
1. Stems minutely puberulent, glabrate, or glabrous basally
→ 2
2. Leaf blades linear, grayish or bluish green; perianth white to deep rose-pink
var. linearis
2. Leaf blades linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, green; perianth pink to deep purple-pink
var. decipiens
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 42. FNA vol. 4, p. 52.
Parent taxa Nyctaginaceae > Mirabilis > sect. Mirabilis Nyctaginaceae > Mirabilis > sect. Oxybaphus
Sibling taxa
M. albida, M. alipes, M. austrotexana, M. coccinea, M. gigantea, M. glabra, M. greenei, M. laevis, M. latifolia, M. linearis, M. longiflora, M. macfarlanei, M. melanotricha, M. multiflora, M. nyctaginea, M. oxybaphoides, M. pudica, M. rotundifolia, M. tenuiloba, M. texensis
M. albida, M. alipes, M. austrotexana, M. coccinea, M. gigantea, M. glabra, M. greenei, M. jalapa, M. laevis, M. latifolia, M. longiflora, M. macfarlanei, M. melanotricha, M. multiflora, M. nyctaginea, M. oxybaphoides, M. pudica, M. rotundifolia, M. tenuiloba, M. texensis
Subordinate taxa
M. jalapa var. jalapa
M. linearis var. decipiens, M. linearis var. linearis, M. linearis var. subhispida
Synonyms Allionia linearis, M. hirsuta var. linearis, Oxybaphus linearis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 177. (1753) (Pursh) Heimerl: Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Gen ève 5: 186. (1901)
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