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four o'clock, four o'clock flower, four o'clock umbrella-wort, marvel of peru, wishbone bush

wing four o'clock

Habit Herbs, forming hemispheric clumps 6–8 dm diam., glabrous or very sparsely puberulent.
Stems

2–4 dm.

Leaves

spreading;

petioles of proximal leaves 0.5–0.7 cm;

blades of midstem leaves ovate to widely ovate, 4.5–9 × 3.5–5 cm, base obtuse to rounded, often oblique, apex obtuse, rarely acute.

Involucres

peduncle 3–10 mm;

involucres erect to pendent, 11–30 mm;

bracts 6–9, distinct or to 50% connate, apex acute to obtuse, rarely rounded.

Flowers

6–9 per involucre;

perianth usually magenta, occasionally creamy white, bell-shaped, 1.5–1.8 cm.

Fruits

mottled olive green, with 10 slender, tan ribs, ellipsoid, 5.5–7 mm, rugulose, glabrous, secreting thick, heavy mucilage when wetted.

Mirabilis jalapa

Mirabilis alipes

Phenology Flowering spring–late summer.
Habitat Gravelly or sandy soils in arid brushlands or pinyon-juniper woodlands
Elevation 1200-2000 m (3900-6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TX; UT; VA; VT; Mexico [Introduced in North America and elsewhere]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; CO; NV; UT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (1 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hermidium was once maintained as a genus based on discrete involucral bracts. As discussed by G. E. Pilz (1978), distinct bracts are typical, but involucres with the five outermost bracts united to one-half their length are common.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 42. FNA vol. 4, p. 44.
Parent taxa Nyctaginaceae > Mirabilis > sect. Mirabilis Nyctaginaceae > Mirabilis > sect. Quamoclidion
Sibling taxa
M. albida, M. alipes, M. austrotexana, M. coccinea, M. gigantea, M. glabra, M. greenei, M. laevis, M. latifolia, M. linearis, M. longiflora, M. macfarlanei, M. melanotricha, M. multiflora, M. nyctaginea, M. oxybaphoides, M. pudica, M. rotundifolia, M. tenuiloba, M. texensis
M. albida, M. austrotexana, M. coccinea, M. gigantea, M. glabra, M. greenei, M. jalapa, M. laevis, M. latifolia, M. linearis, M. longiflora, M. macfarlanei, M. melanotricha, M. multiflora, M. nyctaginea, M. oxybaphoides, M. pudica, M. rotundifolia, M. tenuiloba, M. texensis
Subordinate taxa
M. jalapa var. jalapa
Synonyms Hermidium alipes, Hermidium alipes var. pallidium
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 177. (1753) (S. Watson) Pilz: Madroño 25: 120. (1978)
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