Minuartia patula |
Minuartia biflora |
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Pitcher's stitchwort |
minuartie à deux fleurs, mountain stitchwort, mountain stitchwort or sandwort |
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Habit | Plants winter annual or annual. | Plants perennial, mat-forming. |
Taproots | filiform. |
stout, woody. |
Stems | erect to ascending, green, 5–30 cm, glabrous or sometimes stipitate-glandular distally or throughout, internodes of all stems 1–7 times as long as leaves; wintering stems absent. |
suberect to ascending, green, 2–10-cm, retrorsely pubescent in lines, internodes of flowering stems 2–7 times as long as leaves. |
Leaves | overlapping proximally, connate proximally, with loose, scarious to herbaceous sheath 0.1–0.5 mm; blade straight to variously curved, green, flat, prominently 1-veined abaxially, linear, 2–20 × 0.5–1.5(–1.8) mm, flexuous, margins not thickened, herbaceous, smooth, apex green or purple, blunt to acute, flat, ± shiny, glabrous to stipitate-glandular; axillary leaves absent. |
tightly overlapping or not (vegetative and proximal cauline) or variably spaced (distal cauline), usually connate proximally, with tight, scarious to herbaceous sheath 0.5–1 mm; blade straight to outwardly curved, green, flat, obscurely 1-veined abaxially, oblong or spatulate to elliptic, 5–10 × 0.7–2 mm, flexuous, margins not thickened, scarious, rarely ciliate proximally, apex green or purple, rounded, flat to navicular, shiny, glabrous; axillary leaves mostly absent. |
Inflorescences | 5–30-flowered, open cymes; bracts subulate to ovate, herbaceous. |
3–5-flowered, open cymes; bracts lanceolate, herbaceous. |
Pedicels | 0.3–3 cm, stipitate-glandular. |
0.5–1 cm, usually densely stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | hypanthium shallowly disc-shaped; sepals prominently (3- or) 5-veined, narrowly to broadly lanceolate (herbaceous portion narrowly to broadly lanceolate), 4–5.5 mm, not enlarging in fruit, apex green or purple, narrowly acute to acuminate, not hooded, glabrous to sparsely stipitate-glandular; petals obovate, 1.5–2.2(–3) times as long as sepals, apex rounded, broadly notched. |
hypanthium cup-shaped; sepals 3-veined prominently in fruit, oblong to narrowly lanceolate (herbaceous portion often purple, oblong to narrowly oblanceolate), 3.5–4.5 mm, not enlarging in fruit, apex rarely purple, rounded, hooded (at least inner sepals) or not, glabrous to stipitate-glandular proximally; petals white or often lilac, broadly oblanceolate, 1.4–1.7 times as long as sepals, apex truncate, often shallowly notched. |
Capsules | on stipe ca. 0.1 mm or shorter, narrowly ellipsoid, 3–4.2 mm, shorter than sepals. |
broadly ellipsoid, 5.5 mm, longer than sepals. |
Seeds | reddish brown to black, suborbiculate, radicle obscure, slightly compressed, 0.5–0.6 mm, tuberculate; tubercles low, rounded. |
brown, suborbiculate with radicle prolonged into beak, slightly compressed, 0.7–0.8 mm, smooth or obscurely scupltured (50x). |
2n | = 26. |
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Minuartia patula |
Minuartia biflora |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–early summer. | Flowering spring–summer. |
Habitat | Prairies, meadows, limestone barrens, and rocky outcrops in sandy, clayey, or gravelly soils | Dry, calcareous, gravelly to rocky slopes, fell-fields, snow beds, heath in low arctic to alpine areas |
Elevation | 0-500 | 0-2500 m (0-8200 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; OH; OK; PA; TN; TX; VA; WI |
AK; AB; BC; LB; NT; NU; QC; YT; Greenland; circumpolar; Europe; Asia
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Discussion | Minuartia patula and the related M. muscorum have received little attention in comparison to the granite-outcrop minuartias, the M. uniflora complex. J. A. Steyermark (1941) studied these taxa and described three forms, based chiefly on pubescence variation. Plants entirely glabrous [forma pitcheri (Nuttall) Steyermark] and those with sepals and pedicels somewhat stipitate-glandular (forma media Steyermark) were segregated from densely stipitate-glandular plants (forma patula). We do not feel that such variations deserve formal taxonomic recognition. Forma robusta, as defined by Steyermark, is here referred to M. muscorum. Most specimens of Minuartia patula have prominently five-veined sepals (seen especially easily in the glabrous forms); occasional plants from Georgia, Kentucky, and Virginia have glabrous sepals with only three strong veins, resembling those of M. muscorum; in other features, including the seeds, they are clearly referable to M. patula. The status of the plants with three-veined sepals remains ambiguous; J. A. Steyermark (1941) included them in his forma media and B. Maguire (1951) included them (in our opinion incorrectly) in his var. robusta. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Specimens labeled Arenaria sajanensis Willdenow ex Schlechtendal from western North America, although sometimes referred to M. biflora (e.g., H. J. Scoggan 1978–1979, part 3), are likely to be M. obtusiloba. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 131. | FNA vol. 5, p. 121. |
Parent taxa | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Minuartia | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Minuartia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Arenaria patula, Alsinopsis patula, Alsinopsis pitcheri, Sabulina patula | Stellaria biflora, Alsinopsis biflora, Lidia biflora |
Name authority | (Michaux) Mattfeld: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57(Beibl. 126): 28. (1921) | (Linnaeus) Schinz & Thellung: Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 7: 404. (1907) |
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