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brittle sandwort, musk-flower, Nuttall sandwort, Nuttall's sandwort, Nuttall's stitchwort

Cumberland stitchwort

Habit Plants perennial, mat-forming. Plants perennial, cespitose from decumbent bases.
Taproots

thickened, woody;

crown, many-branched, woody;

rhizomes and trailing stems to 60 cm.

filiform;

basal offshoots present.

Stems

ascending to erect, ± green, 2–20 cm, densely glandular-hairy throughout, internodes of flowering stems 0.2–2 times as long as leaves.

erect or ascending, green, (8–)10–15(–20) cm, glabrous, internodes of flowering stems 0.8–1.2 times as long as leaves.

Leaves

tightly appressed to spreading, ± evenly spaced, connate proximally, with ± loose, scarious sheath 0.1–0.7 mm;

blade straight to recurved, ± green, flat, prominently 1-veined abaxially, broadly lanceolate to linear, 5–20 × 0.5–1.5 mm, ± rigid, margins rounded, scarious in proximal 1/3–1/4, apex green to purple, acute to acuminate or spinescent, navicular with small mucro or spinescent, dull, stipitate-glandular;

axillary leaves present proximally to throughout.

overlapping proximally, variably spaced distally, connate proximally, with ± loose, scarious sheath 0.1–0.2 mm;

blade spreading or ascending to outwardly curved, green, flat, 1-veined, linear-oblanceolate to linear-spatulate, (10–)20–30(–40) × 1–3 mm, flexuous, margins not thickened, minutely scarious, smooth, apex green, obtuse to broadly acute, shiny, glabrous, axillary leaves absent.

Inflorescences

(3–)6–30-flowered, open cymes;

bracts lanceolate to subulate, usually scarious.

flowers solitary, terminal, or 1–3-flowered cymes;

bracts narrowly lanceolate, herbaceous.

Pedicels

0.2–2 cm, stipitate-glandular.

12–30 cm, glabrous.

Flowers

hypanthium disc-shaped;

sepals 1–3-veined, narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate or ovate (herbaceous portion narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate or ovate), 3–6(–7) mm, not enlarging in fruit, apex often purple, acute to acuminate or spinescent, not hooded, stipitate-glandular;

petals obovate, 0.5–1.6 times as long as sepals, apex rounded, entire.

hypanthium dish-shaped;

sepals very weakly 3-veined, broadly oblong (herbaceous portion broadly oblong), 2–3 mm, not enlarging in fruit, apex green, obtuse or rounded, not hooded, glabrous;

petals oblong or obovate, 1.6–2 times as long as sepals, apex rounded to truncate, entire or slightly emarginate.

Capsules

on stipe ca. 0.1–0.2 mm, ovoid, 5 mm, usually shorter than sepals.

broadly ovoid, (2–)3–3.5 mm, equaling or longer than sepals.

Seeds

reddish brown to dark brown, oblong-elliptic with hilar notch on 1 end, 1.5–2.7 mm, tuberculate;

tubercles low-rounded.

reddish brown, asymmetrically reniform with radicle prolonged into beak, not compressed, 0.5–0.7 mm, reticulate.

2n

= 20.

Minuartia nuttallii

Minuartia cumberlandensis

Phenology Flowering summer.
Habitat Shaded sand-rock ledges and bluffs
Elevation 400-600 m (1300-2000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
KY; TN
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 4 (4 in the flora).

Minuartia nuttallii, M. decumbens, M. rosei, and M. stolonifera form a complex that, together with the eastern species M. caroliniana and M. michauxii, comprise sect. Sclerophylla Mattfeld. The four western species all have capsules that contain one to three(?) large (1.5–2.8 mm) seeds; unfortunately, these plants appear to be collected only rarely in fruit.

Minuartia nuttallii includes four varieties, which can, for the most part, be easily recognized. There is some overlap between var. gracilis and var. fragilis in western Nevada and southeastern Oregon, where some plants exhibit prominently arcuate-spreading leaves (as in var. fragilis) and weakly veined sepals (as in var. gracilis).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Minuartia cumberlandensis may be most closely related to M. groenlandica and M. glabra; R. Kral (1983) noted that it may be distinguished from either of those taxa by leaf size and shape, seed sculpture, phenology, and habitat preference (shaded sandstone versus sunny granitic flat-rocks).

Minuartia cumberlandensis is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaf blade apices spinecent; sepal apices spinescent
→ 2
1. Leaf blade apices acute to acuminate, somewhat navicular; sepal apices acuminate
→ 3
2. Leaves prominently arcuate-spreading, blade 10-20 mm; sepals (1-)3-veined
var. fragilis
2. Leaves appressed to occasionally arcuate- spreading, blade 5-7 mm; sepals 1(-3)-veined
var. gracilis
3. Sepals lanceolate to narrowly so; petals 0.5-1.2 times as long as sepals
var. nuttallii
3. Sepals ovate to lanceolate; petals 1.1-1.6 times as long as sepals
var. gregaria
Source FNA vol. 5, p. 129. FNA vol. 5, p. 123.
Parent taxa Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Minuartia Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Minuartia
Sibling taxa
M. arctica, M. austromontana, M. biflora, M. californica, M. caroliniana, M. cismontana, M. cumberlandensis, M. dawsonensis, M. decumbens, M. douglasii, M. drummondii, M. elegans, M. glabra, M. godfreyi, M. groenlandica, M. howellii, M. macrantha, M. macrocarpa, M. marcescens, M. michauxii, M. muscorum, M. obtusiloba, M. patula, M. pusilla, M. rosei, M. rossii, M. rubella, M. stolonifera, M. stricta, M. tenella, M. uniflora, M. yukonensis
M. arctica, M. austromontana, M. biflora, M. californica, M. caroliniana, M. cismontana, M. dawsonensis, M. decumbens, M. douglasii, M. drummondii, M. elegans, M. glabra, M. godfreyi, M. groenlandica, M. howellii, M. macrantha, M. macrocarpa, M. marcescens, M. michauxii, M. muscorum, M. nuttallii, M. obtusiloba, M. patula, M. pusilla, M. rosei, M. rossii, M. rubella, M. stolonifera, M. stricta, M. tenella, M. uniflora, M. yukonensis
Subordinate taxa
M. nuttallii var. fragilis, M. nuttallii var. gracilis, M. nuttallii var. gregaria, M. nuttallii var. nuttallii
Synonyms Arenaria nuttallii, Minuopsis nuttallii Arenaria cumberlandensis
Name authority (Pax) Briquet: Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 13–14: 385. (1911) (Wofford & Kral) McNeill: Rhodora 82: 498. (1980)
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