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sensitive plant, shameplant

sensitive plant

Habit Herbs or subshrubs, erect or decumbent, 0.3–1 m, armed. Herbs, perennial, shrubs, or subshrubs [trees], armed or unarmed.
Stems

ribbed to striate, hispid or glabrous;

prickles infrastipular, paired, also sparse along internodes, recurved.

erect, scandent, decumbent, prostrate, or sprawling, terete, striate, or ribbed, prickles infrastipular, irregular in internodes, or along ribs; short shoots (brachyblasts) sometimes present, glabrous or pubescent.

Leaves

stipules lanceolate, 7–12 mm, glabrous to sparsely setose;

petiole 1–4.5 cm;

primary rachis 0–2.5 mm;

pinnae 1 or 2 pairs, digitate;

leaflets 15–25 pairs, blades obliquely linear-oblong, 5–10 × 2–2.5 mm, margins setose, 1 eccentric vein prominent abaxially, apex acute to mucronate, surfaces glabrous.

alternate, usually even-bipinnate, rarely some leaves unipinnate (M. borealis, M. turneri);

stipules present;

petiolate, petiole eglandular [glandular];

pinnae [0 or]1–14[–33] pairs;

leaflets 1–40[–95] pairs, opposite, blade margins entire, surfaces glabrous or pubescent.

Inflorescences

95–125-flowered, axillary, globose or subglobose capitula, solitary or fascicles of 2 or 3, also disposed in racemiform branches, 10–15 mm diam.;

bracts linear to lanceolate, 1/2–2/3 corolla length.

5–180-flowered, usually axillary, sometimes also terminal, capitula, spikes, or racemes;

bracts present.

Peduncles

1–3 cm.

unarmed or prickly.

Pedicels

0 mm.

Flowers

bisexual;

calyx campanulate, lobes 4, 1/10 corolla length;

corolla pink, glabrous, lobes 4, 1/4 corolla length;

stamens 4, filaments distinct to base, lilac;

ovary sessile to shortly stipitate, glabrous;

style attenuate at apex;

stigma poriform.

mimosoid, bisexual, or staminate present at base of inflorescence;

calyx campanulate, lobes 4 or 5(or 6), valvate;

corolla white, pink, purple, or purple-pink, lobes 4 or 5(or 6), valvate;

stamens 8 or 10 (2 times corolla lobes) or 4[5] (as many as corolla lobes), distinct or connate at bases, exserted, white, pink or lilac;

anthers dorsifixed, introrse, eglandular;

ovary sessile or stipitate;

style longer than stamens;

stigma poriform, cupuliform, or tubular [obliquely funnelform].

Fruits

legumes, sessile or stipitate, straight or curved, constricted or not between seeds, linear, oblong, or tetragonal [elliptic], dehiscent, craspedial, glabrous or pubescent, valves segmented with 1 seed each or entire, usually wider than margin, persistent margin usually narrow, sometimes as wide as or wider than valves, prickly or unarmed.

Legumes

sessile, straight, linear-oblong, 10–15 × 3–4 mm, constricted between seeds, valves with 2–5 segments, margin armed, long-setose, apex acuminate, faces glabrous.

Seeds

2–5, ochre, lenticular, 3–3.2 × 2.5–3 × 1–1.2 mm, testa smooth or porous, fissural line 90%.

1–18, ± isodiametric, lenticular, elliptic, oblong, or rhomboid, testa smooth or porous.

x

= 13.

Mimosa pudica

Mimosa

Phenology Flowering Jul–Jan; fruiting Jul–Jan.
Habitat Pinelands, secon­dary vegetation, burned or cleared pinelands.
Elevation 0–40 m. (0–100 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; MD; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies [Introduced in North America; introduced also in tropical Asia, Africa, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
United States; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Asia; Africa; Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar); Australia; arid or semiarid areas; tropics; subtropics; temperate regions
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Mimosa pudica is a pantropical species that has become established in Florida; C. F. Reed (1964) included M. pudica in the flora of the chrome and manganese ore piles at Canton, in the Port of Baltimore, Maryland; his record from Newport News, Virginia, cannot be verified, as that is an immature plant, probably corresponding to another species.

Varieties of Mimosa pudica were distinguished by J. P. M. Brenan (1959) in tropical East Africa. R. C. Barneby (1991) proposed a modified key to varieties; however, they are not clearly delimited in American populations. Available specimens from the flora area cannot be determined at the infraspecific level.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species ca. 530 (20 in the flora).

Mimosa is divided into five sections: sect. Batocaulon de Candolle, sect. Habbasia de Candolle, and sect. Mimosa are represented in the United States; sects. Calothamnos Barneby and Mimadenia Barneby are not found in the flora area.

Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright ex Sauvalle, M. pigra, and M. pudica Linnaeus are pantropical weeds. Mimosa diplotricha and M. pigra are noxious weeds, mainly in Australia: the former is found in Hawaii and Puerto Rico but not in the continental United States. Mimosa pigra is a noxious weed and a prohibited aquatic plant in the flora. Mimosa pudica is cultivated in the United States as an ornamental and is also used for experimental projects due to its sensitive leaves; furthermore, it can be considered as introduced in the flora of Florida and Maryland. Other species of Mimosa are widely used as melliferous and medicinal plants, forage for goats, living fences, firewood sources, and for reforestation by rural communities in arid, semiarid, and tropical regions.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Inflorescences spikes.
→ 2
2. Leaves with (1 or)2–4 pinna pairs, 2–4(or 5) leaflet pairs; corollas glabrous; legumes glabrous.
M. distachya
2. Leaves with 5–11 pinna pairs, 6–14 leaflet pairs; corollas densely sericeous; legumes tomentose.
M. dysocarpa
1. Inflorescences capitula.
→ 3
3. Legumes segmented, each with 1 seed.
→ 4
4. Corolla lobes 4, stamens 4; legumes 3–4 mm wide; leaves with 1 or 2 pairs of digi­tate pinnae.
M. pudica
4. Corolla lobes 4 or 5, stamens 8 or 10; legumes 5–13 mm wide; leaves with 1–14 pairs of non-digitate pinnae.
→ 5
5. Subshrubs, scandent; stems ribbed, prickles along ribs.
M. malacophylla
5. Herbs or shrubs, erect or procumbent; stems not ribbed, prickles infrastipular or irregular along internodes.
→ 6
6. Corollas glabrous; legumes glabrous.
→ 7
7. Corolla lobes 2/3 corolla length; legumes oblong.
M. borealis
7. Corolla lobes 1/3–1/2 corolla length; legumes linear.
M. turneri
6. Corollas usually tomentose or strigose, rarely glabrous; legumes tomentose, setose, strigose, strigulose, or puberulent.
→ 8
8. Corollas tomentose; legumes tomentose and setose; stems tomentose or glabrescent, brachyblasts present.
M. emoryana
8. Corollas strigose or glabrous; legumes setose or strigose to strigulose; stems strigose to strigulose or puberulent, brachyblasts absent.
→ 9
9. Shrubs, erect, 1–3 m; legumes oblong, segments (4–)7–25.
M. pigra
9. Herbs, procumbent, 0.1–0.5 m; legumes obliquely oblong, seg­ments 1–4.
M. strigillosa
3. Legumes not segmented, valves entire.
→ 10
10. Shrubs; prickles infrastipular.
→ 11
11. Legumes linear, 3–4 mm wide; corollas tomentose or tomentulose.
M. biuncifera
11. Legumes oblong, 5–8 mm wide; corollas glabrous or puberulent, or pilosulous on lobes.
→ 12
12. Prickles in groups of 3, 2 straight, 1 recurved; capitula 13–20 mm diam., 50–120-flowered; corollas pilosulous on lobes or glabrous.
M. grahamii
12. Prickles usually solitary, rarely 2 or 3, recurved; capitula 8–15 mm diam.,. 10–30-flowered; corollas glabrous or puberulent
M. texana
10. Herbs or subshrubs; prickles along stem ribs, rarely unarmed.
→ 13
13. Leaflet blades with reticulate veins prominent on both surfaces, or at least abaxially.
→ 14
14. Inflorescences axillary capitula; legumes linear-oblong, valves 3–6 mm wide.
M. hystricina
14. Inflorescences axillary capitula, sometimes also terminal racemes; legumes linear, valves 1–2.5 mm wide.
→ 15
15. Inflorescences 20–30 mm diam., 90–140-flowered; peduncles 3.5–.
→ 9
9. 5 cm; racemes 130–200 mm; stipules 4.5–8 mm.
M. nuttallii
15. Inflorescences 15–18 mm diam., 30–50-flowered; peduncles 0.6–1.5 cm; racemes 40–50 mm; stipules 1–2.5 mm.
M. quadrivalvis
13. Leaflet blades with 1 vein slightly evident only on abaxial surface.
→ 16
16. Petioles shorter than primary rachis; pinnae (3 or)4–9 pairs; legumes linear, to 140 mm.
→ 17
17. Leaflet blades obliquely linear, 0.5–1 mm wide, surfaces not glaucous; capitula 60–120-flowered, bracts linear, 1/3–1/2 corolla length; legumes.
→ 1
1. 5–4 mm wide, sessile.
M. microphylla
17. Leaflet blades obliquely linear-oblong to oblong, 1–1.5 mm wide, surfaces glaucous; capitula 30–60-flowered, bracts spatulate, 1/4–1/3 corolla length; legumes 3–5 mm wide, stipitate.
M. rupertiana
16. Petioles as long or longer than primary rachis; pinnae 1–3 or 2–5 pairs; legumes linear-oblong, to 90(–100) mm.
→ 18
18. Pinnae 2–5 pairs; capitula 100–180-flowered; legume valves slightly wider than margin.
M. roemeriana
18. Pinnae 1–3 pairs; capitula 20–70-flowered; legume valves narrower than margin.
→ 19
19. Leaflets 6–9 pairs, blades obliquely linear-oblong to oblong; corolla lobes 1/2 corolla length; legumes 25–60 × 2.5–4 mm.
M. latidens
19. Leaflets 9–14 pairs, blades obliquely linear; corolla lobes 1/4–1/3 corolla length; legumes (45–)70–90(–100) × 4–4.5(–5) mm.
M. monclovensis
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11. Author: Rosaura Grether.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (Mimosoid clade) > Mimosa Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (Mimosoid clade)
Sibling taxa
M. biuncifera, M. borealis, M. distachya, M. dysocarpa, M. emoryana, M. grahamii, M. hystricina, M. latidens, M. malacophylla, M. microphylla, M. monclovensis, M. nuttallii, M. pigra, M. quadrivalvis, M. roemeriana, M. rupertiana, M. strigillosa, M. texana, M. turneri
Subordinate taxa
M. biuncifera, M. borealis, M. distachya, M. dysocarpa, M. emoryana, M. grahamii, M. hystricina, M. latidens, M. malacophylla, M. microphylla, M. monclovensis, M. nuttallii, M. pigra, M. pudica, M. quadrivalvis, M. roemeriana, M. rupertiana, M. strigillosa, M. texana, M. turneri
Synonyms M. pudica var. unijuga Leptoglottis, Mimosopsis, Morongia, Schrankia
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 518. (1753) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 516. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 233. (1754)
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