Mikania cordifolia
Mikania
Florida keys hempvine
climbing hempweed, hempvine
6-angled, gray-tomentulose or tomentose;
internodes 5–20 cm.
usually twining to scrambling (terete, striate, or [4-] 6-angled, sometimes winged), branched.
blades ovate to deltate, 5–10 × 3–8 cm, bases cordate, margins subentire to undulate-dentate, apices acute to acuminate, faces densely pilose to tomentose (abaxial paler than adaxial).
cauline; opposite [whorled]; petiolate [sessile];
blades palmately 3[–7]-nerved [pinnately nerved], ± ovate or deltate-ovate to triangular [linear], margins entire or undulate to dentate or toothed to lobed, faces glabrous or puberulent to tomentose, often gland-dotted.
25–55 mm, densely pilose to tomentose.
± cylindric, [1–]2–3[–4] mm diam. (usually each subtended by 1 bractlet).
flat (glabrous), epaleate.
4;
corollas usually white, sometimes pink to rose or purplish, throats funnelform or campanulate, lobes 5, linear or triangular to deltate;
styles: bases slightly, if at all, enlarged, glabrous, branches ± filiform [weakly clavate].
white, 3.5–5 mm, lobes linear.
substramineous, elliptic to narrowly ovate, 6–8 mm, apices acute to slightly rounded.
persistent, 4 in ± 2 series (outer pair imbricate over inner pair), not notably nerved, lanceolate, linear, or oblong (bases often swollen), ± equal.
7–10 mm.
discoid, in corymbiform [paniculiform, racemiform, spiciform, thyrsiform] arrays.
brown, 3–4 mm, glabrous or pubescent, sparsely gland-dotted;
pappi of ca. 60 white, barbellate bristles 4–5 mm.
± prismatic, [4–]5[–10]-ribbed, glabrous or puberulent, sometimes gland-dotted;
pappi persistent, of [20–]30–60 (white, buff, pinkish, or purplish) barbellulate to barbellate bristles in 1–2 series (distinct or basally connate).
of heads compound-corymbiform (terminal and lateral), 6 × 7+ cm.
(perennial, sometimes suffrutescent) [non-viney perennials, shrubs], to 300[–1500+] cm.
= 16–20.
= 38.
Mikania cordifolia
Mikania
Mikania cordifolia grows in all wet-tropical and subtropical America from northern Argentina to the lower Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States. It has the largest natural distribution of any species in the genus. In the tropics, M. cordifolia tends to be weedy, frequently occupying disturbed sites, usually in the lowlands. It is not weedy in the United States. In Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, M. cordifolia occurs in relatively open seeps and stream sides in beech (Fagus grandiflora Ehrhart) woods. It was collected in 1875 from the Navy Ballast Yard in Kargins Point, New Jersey (W. C. Holmes 1981); no further records for New Jersey are known.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Species ca. 450 (3 in the flora).
All species of Mikania in the flora belong to M. sect. Mikania in the sense of W. C. Holmes (1996).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Stems 6-angled, gray-tomentulose to tomentose; leaf blades ovate to deltate; heads 7–10 mm; phyllaries 6–8 mm; corolla lobes linear; cypselae 3–4 mm | M. cordifolia |
1. Stems terete to obscurely 6-angled, glabrate to densely pilose; leaf blades triangular to triangular-ovate; heads 4–7 mm; phyllaries 3–6 mm; corolla lobes triangular to deltate; cypselae 1.8–2.2 mm | → 2 |
2. Leaves (membranous): apices tapering; phyllaries linear-lanceolate, 5–6 mm; corollasusually pinkish to purplish, 3.5–4 mm; e United States | M. scandens |
2. Leaves (subcoriaceous to ± fleshy): apices acute to acuminate; phyllaries lanceolate tonarrowly ovate, 3–4 mm; corollas white, ca. 3 mm; s Florida | M. batatifolia |
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