Microseris paludosa
Microseris
marsh microseris, marsh scorzonella, marsh silverpuffs
microseris, silver puffs
branched proximally, leafy proximally.
1–30+, erect, simple or relatively few- to many-branched (naked or leafy proximally and often distally), glabrous or scurfy-pubescent (especially proximal to heads).
basal and cauline; petiolate (petioles broadly winged, clasping);
blades linear to oblanceolate, 6–35 cm, margins entire, dentate, or pinnately lobed, apices acuminate.
mostly basal, cauline 0 or reduced; petiolate (petioles broad to narrow);
blades linear to lanceolate or oblanceolate, margins entire, lacerate, dentate, or pinnately lobed (often with narrow rachises and linear lobes; apices acuminate or acute to obtuse, faces glabrous or lightly scurfy-puberulent).
erect or arcuate-ascending (15–50 cm), ebracteate.
(erect or curved-ascending) not distally inflated, ebracteate (annuals) or leafy (perennials except M. borealis).
ovoid in fruit, 10–20 mm.
fusiform, ovoid, globose, or campanulate, 3–30 mm diam.
flat to low-convex, pitted, glabrous, epaleate.
25–70;
corollas yellow-orange, surpassing phyllaries by 5+ mm.
5–300;
corollas yellow to orange or white, outer often purplish abaxially.
not spotted, abaxial faces usually scurfy-puberulent, usually black-villous;
outer linear to broadly or narrowly ovate-deltate, apices erect or recurved, acuminate;
inner lanceolate, apices erect, acute to acuminate.
5–40 in 3–5 series, unequal (outer usually shorter, ± deltate, inner ± lanceolate), herbaceous (midveins often thickened; abaxial faces glabrous or scurfy-puberulent, sometimes black-villous, often adaxially black-villous and minutely white-strigillose).
0 (outer phyllaries forming calyculiform series in annuals).
borne singly (nodding or inclined in bud, erect in flower and fruit).
columnar, 4–7 mm;
pappi of 5–10, dull yellowish brown, lanceolate, glabrous, aristate scales 2–4 mm, aristae barbellate.
gray to brown or purplish, sometimes purplish-spotted, columnar, obconic, or fusiform (basal callosities knoblike), apices truncate, ribs 10–15, smooth or scabrous (white-villous on marginal cypselae in some species);
pappi persistent, usually of 5–30, silvery to yellowish, brownish, or blackish aristate scales (often reduced to 0–4 in M. douglasii, of 24–48 bristles in M. borealis), scale bodies deltate, lanceolate, oblong, ovate, orbiculate, or linear, apices obtuse to acute or lacerate, faces glabrous or villous, aristae barbellulate to barbellate or plumose.
= 9.
= 18.
Microseris paludosa
Microseris
Microseris paludosa in the central coastal region (D. P. Tibor 2001). It differs from M. laciniata subsp. leptosepala in its longer, brownish pappus scales and more southern coastal distribution. It is unusual among the perennial taxa of Microseris in its self-compatibility and ready self-fertilization in culture.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Species 14 (11 in the flora).
A broad circumscription of Microseris, including Apargidium and excluding Nothocalaïs, has usually been accepted (e.g., K. L. Chambers 1955, 1960). Recently, molecular data have led to reinstatement of the monotypic genus Uropappus and separation of two other species as the allotetraploid genus Stebbinsoseris (R. K. Jansen et al. 1991b; Chambers 1993c). A large body of literature has resulted from use of Microseris as a model genetic system by K. Bachmann and colleagues (e.g., Bachmann et al. 1979; Bachmann 1992; Bachmann and J. Battjes 1994). Differences in the diploid DNA amount within and between species have been studied by H. J. Price and colleagues (Price and Bachmann 1975; Price et al. 1981, 1983). Additional genetic studies, not referenced here, have involved three species from Australia, New Zealand, and Chile, widely disjunct from the main center of distribution in western North America. Ten of the species are diploid (2n = 18); the four tetraploid species (2n = 36) are of alloploid origin. The nine North American perennial taxa are closely related and mostly allopatric, occupying different habitats or climatic zones. The five annual species, which sometimes occur in sympatric clusters, are difficult to distinguish without the presence of cypselae.
In keys and descriptions, measurements of pappus scales exclude aristae.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Perennials (usually caulescent); outer phyllaries shorter than to nearly equaling inner; corollas yellow, surpassing phyllaries by 5+ mm; pappi usually of 5–30 scales (24–48 bristles in M. borealis) | → 2 |
1. Annuals (acaulous); outer phyllaries notably shorter than inner (forming calyculiform series); corollas yellow, white, or orange, equaling or surpassing phyllaries by 1–3 mm; pappi of 5 aristate scales (0–5 in M. douglasii) | → 10 |
2. Plants rhizomatous; leaves entire or remotely denticulate; pappi of 24–48, brownish bristles; principally in coastal and montane sphagnum bogs | M. borealis |
2. Plants taprooted; leaves entire or toothed to lacerate or pinnately lobed; pappi of 5– 30, aristate scales; marshes, fields, pastures, hillsides, brushlands, and woodlands | → 3 |
3. Pappi of 15–30, silvery, aristate scales, aristae plumose; widespread | M. nutans |
3. Pappi 5–24, silvery to dull yellowish or brownish, aristate scales, aristae barbellulate or barbellate to subplumose; Pacific Coast states | → 4 |
4. Pappus scales 4–10 mm, aristae barbellate or subplumose | → 5 |
4. Pappus scales 0.5–4 mm (3–6 mm in | M. howellii) |
5. Stems branched or simple (usually leafy proximal to midstems); phyllary apices recurved; pappi of 5–10 dull, yellowish brown, aristate scales; c California | M. sylvatica |
5. Stems simple (leafy proximally); phyllary apices erect; pappi of 9–15, silvery to dull white, aristate scales; s Jackson County, Oregon, adjacent California | M. laciniata |
6. Outer phyllaries often purple-spotted, ovate-lanceolate to broadly ovate, 2.5–9 mm wide, apices acute to cuspidate, faces usually glabrous | M. laciniata |
6. Outer phyllaries not or rarely purple-spotted, linear, deltate, or lanceolate, 0.5–2.5 mm wide, apices acute to acuminate, faces often scurfy-pubescent, sometimes black-villous | → 7 |
7. Pappi of 8–24, white, aristate scales, aristae barbellate; Klamath Moun- tains, Oregon, California | M. laciniata |
7. Pappi of 5–10, usually white, aristate scales, aristae barbellulate (or pappi brownish and aristae barbellate) | → 8 |
8. Pappi dull yellowish brown, aristae barbellate; phyllaries usually black-villous abaxially; coastal c California | M. paludosa |
8. Pappi white, aristae usually barbellulate, rarely barbellate; phyllaries sometimes black-villous abaxially | → 9 |
9. Pappus scales 3–6 mm; Klamath Mountains, Oregon | M. howellii |
9. Pappus scales 0.5–2.5 mm; Klamath Mountains, Coast Ranges, Oregon, n California | M. laciniata |
10. Pappus scales linear-lanceolate, 4–11 mm, margins scarcely involute, midveins stout, 1/5–1/3 widths of bodies, aristae barbellate; principally Sacramento Valley, California, and surrounding foothills | M. acuminata |
10. Pappus scales lanceolate, ovate, or orbiculate to deltate, 0.2–7 mm if more than 4 mm, lanceolate to ovate and margins distinctly involute, midveins tapering from thickened base or linear, less than 1/5 widths of bodies, aristae barbellate to barbellulate; Sacramento Valley and elsewhere | → 11 |
11. Cypselae usually 1.5–3 mm | → 12 |
11. Cypselae usually 3–10 mm | → 15 |
12. Cypselae columnar to obconic | → 13 |
12. Cypselae truncate-fusiform (tapering proximally, widest beyond middles, slightly narrowed distally) | → 14 |
13. Pappus scales 2–7 mm, involute, aristae stout, barbellate; sw California, n Baja California | M. douglasii |
13. Pappus scales 0.5–2.5 mm, scarcely involute, aristae fine, barbellulate; n Baja California northward | M. elegans |
14. Pappus scales 5, 1–4 mm, aristae fine, barbellulate; strictly coastal, c California to British Columbia | M. bigelovii |
14. Pappus scales 0–5, 0.5–1 mm, aristae ± stout, barbellate; coastal and else- where, sw to c California | M. douglasii |
15. Pappus scales 0.5–1 mm | M. douglasii |
15. Pappus scales 1–7 mm | → 16 |
16. Pappus scales plane or slightly curved, arcuate only at bases, 1–4 mm, margins not involute, midveins linear, thicker only at bases; strictly coastal, c California to British Columbia | M. bigelovii |
16. Pappus scales ± arcuate throughout, 1–7 mm, margins ± involute, midveins tapering distally from thick bases; absent from immediate coastal area of c California | → 17 |
17. Pappus scales 5, glabrous, usually white, rarely brownish, margins plane or slightly involute, aristae barbellulate proximally, barbellate distally; San Joaquin Valley, surrounding foothills, California | M. campestris |
17. Pappus scales 0–5, often villous, light to dark, margins usually distinctly involute, aristae wholly barbellate; widespread | M. douglasii |
CA
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