Mespilus
Rosaceae subfam. amygdaloideae
medlar, mespilus
1–few, ± erect;
bark grayish, smooth, with numerous small horizontal lenticels, older rough, dark gray-brown; short shoots absent or present;
armed or unarmed, compound thorns on trunk absent; extending twigs canescent.
deciduous, cauline, simple;
stipules caducous, free, ± elliptic, herbaceous, margins entire or lobed, asymmetric, ± pilose;
petiole present;
blade narrowly oblong or narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, rarely oblong-ovate, 5–12 cm, thin, margins flat, entire or finely serrate distally, venation camptodromous, surfaces ± pubescent.
alternate, sometimes opposite, simple, sometimes pinnately compound;
stipules present or absent.
terminal on leafy short shoots, these terminal on woody short shoots or arising directly from extension shoots, 1(or 2)-flowered, axes canescent;
bracts present;
bracteoles present, caducous or persistent, ± linear, 5–15 mm, membranous to coriaceous, abaxially ± hairy, eglandular.
present, short.
perianth and androecium epigynous, 25–35 mm diam.;
hypanthium ± obconic, constricted apically, size not recorded, externally canescent;
sepals 5, spreading, triangular;
petals 5, white, usually suborbiculate, base barely clawed, apex ± notched;
stamens 25–35(–40), shorter than petals;
carpels 5, connate, adnate to hypanthium, styles 5, subterminal, distinct;
ovules 2, superposed.
torus absent or minute;
carpels 1–5(–8), distinct or +/- connate (Maleae), free or +/- adnate to hypanthium (many Maleae), styles distinct or +/- connate (some Maleae);
ovules (1 or)2(–5+), collateral, clustered, or biseriate.
pomes, brownish, turbinate to subspheric, 15–40 mm diam. (larger in some cultivars), rough, punctate, glabrous or pubescent;
hypanthium persistent;
sepals persistent, erect to ± connivent, bases not touching;
carpels woody;
styles ± persistent, emerging through disc.
follicles aggregated or not, capsules, drupes aggregated or not, aggregated drupelets, pomes, or aggregated nutlets, rarely achenes or aggregated achenes;
styles persistent or deciduous, not elongate (elongate in Gillenieae).
5, sides plane, covered by disc.
= 17.
= 8, 9, 15, 17.
Mespilus
Rosaceae subfam. amygdaloideae
Species 1.
The Eurasian Mespilus germanica is a minor fruit, occasionally cultivated and naturalized in North America. Mespilus is retained here in the traditional concept of M. germanica, because it is distinct on a variety of characteristics and has a sister position to Crataegus (C. S. Campbell et al. 2007; E. Y. Y. Lo et al. 2007; D. Potter et al. 2007; Li Q. Y. et al. 2012; Lo and M. J. Donoghue 2012). Reproductive woody short shoots with close internodes, normal in Crataegus, occur frequently, though not universally; in the latter case, the inflorescence is borne on an annual short shoot lateral to or terminal on an extension shoot. Other notable characteristics of Mespilus that distinguish it from Crataegus include brownish fruit indicating mammal dispersal (C. M. Herrera 1989); large, hairy, eglandular bracteoles; extremely wide hypanthial opening in fruit; pyrenes covered by tissue of disc; and erect to connivent foliaceous fruiting sepals with bases distinct. Mespilus characters rarely seen in Crataegus are uniflorous inflorescences (found in C. uniflora); inflorescences borne on annual short shoots as noted above, very large flowers and stamens 25–35 (found in C. triflora).
The triploid ×Crataemespilus canescens (J. B. Phipps) J. B. Phipps (Mespilus canescens J. B. Phipps), is a plant with great horticultural potential. It is a large bush with numerous fasciculate stems; exfoliating bark; simple, nearly entire leaves; 2–6-flowered, semipendant, usually racemose, inflorescences that are commonly borne on short shoots of the season lateral to an extension shoot; flowers very like M. germanica in size and general appearance, but with fewer stamens; small bright red, hawthornlike fruit; large, abaxially hairy bracteoles with scattered very large marginal glands. A substantial colony has existed at one site in Arkansas.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Cyanogenic glycosides are usually present in Amygdaloideae; sorbitol is present.
The name Amygdaloideae Arnott (1832) has priority over Spiraeoideae Arnott (1832), used by D. Potter et al. (2007), because Amygdalaceae (1820) is an earlier conserved name.
Tribes 9, genera 55, species ca. 1300 (9 tribes, 38 genera, 361 species, including 20 hybrids, in the flora)
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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