Mentzelia decapetala |
Mentzelia humilis |
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10-petal western star, evening starflower, gumbo-lily, tenpetal blazingstar |
gypsum blazingstar |
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Habit | Plants biennial or perennial, bushlike, perennials with ground-level caudices. | Plants perennial, bushlike, with ground-level caudices. | ||||
Stems | solitary, erect, straight; branches distal or along entire stem, proximal or distal longest, antrorse, straight to upcurved; hairy. |
solitary or multiple, erect, straight; branches distal or along entire stem, distal longest or all ± equal, antrorse; straight to upcurved; hairy. |
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Leaves | blade 72–295 × 14–45 mm, widest intersinus distance 10.1–23.3 mm; proximal oblanceolate or elliptic, margins serrate to pinnate, teeth or lobes 16–26, slightly antrorse, 1–16.5 mm; distal elliptic to lanceolate, base clasping or not, margins serrate to pinnate, teeth or lobes 9–20, slightly antrorse, 5.3–13.7 mm; surfaces with needlelike trichomes. |
blade 25–95 × 5.5–28(–36.2) mm, widest intersinus distance 0.8–9.1 mm; proximal spatulate to oblanceolate or elliptic, margins pinnate to pinnatisect, lobes 4–16(–20), slightly antrorse or perpendicular to leaf axis, 2.3–11.8(–16.4) mm; distal elliptic, lanceolate, spatulate, or linear, base not clasping, margins entire or dentate to pinnatisect, teeth or lobes (0–)4–16, slightly antrorse or perpendicular to leaf axis, 2.3–13.8(–16.9) mm; abaxial surface with simple grappling-hook, needlelike, and sometimes complex grappling-hook trichomes, adaxial surface with simple grappling-hook and needlelike trichomes. |
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Bracts | margins pinnate. |
margins usually entire, rarely pinnate. |
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Flowers | petals white, 47–75 × 13–22.7 mm, apex acute to attenuate, glabrous abaxially; stamens white to yellow, 5 outermost petaloid, filaments spatulate, strongly clawed, 48–75 × 12–23 mm, without anthers, second whorl with anthers; anthers straight after dehiscence, epidermis smooth; styles 36–53 mm. |
petals white, 10.3–13(–28.6) × 1.4–4 mm, apex acute, glabrous abaxially; stamens white, 5 outermost petaloid, filaments linear to narrowly spatulate, slightly clawed, 8.8–19(–22.3) × 0.7–3.3 mm, without anthers, second whorl without anthers; anthers straight after dehiscence, epidermis papillate; styles 6.5–11.3 mm. |
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Capsules | cylindric, 30–43 × 12–17 mm, base tapering, not longitudinally ridged. |
cup-shaped, 5.3–10.2 × (4.2–)5.2–8.6 mm, base rounded, not longitudinally ridged. |
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Seeds | 2.3–4 mm; coat anticlinal cell walls straight, papillae 4–10 per cell. |
coat anticlinal cell walls wavy, papillae 6–12 per cell. |
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2n | = 22. |
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Mentzelia decapetala |
Mentzelia humilis |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug(–Oct). | |||||
Habitat | Rock outcrops, slopes, dry short-grass prairies, riverbanks, roadsides, loam, limestone, sandy, silty, clayey, and gravelly soils. | |||||
Elevation | 300–2400 m. (1000–7900 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
CO; IA; IL; KS; MN; MT; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; UT; WY; AB; MB; SK
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NM; TX
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Discussion | Mentzelia decapetala is introduced in Grundy County, Illinois. It appears to be native throughout the rest of its distribution. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). The basionym of Mentzelia humilis is often cited as M. multiflora var. humilis A. Gray (1852). However, in that publication Gray indicated accepted names in Roman capitals (see ipni.org), whereas the varietal name is in lower case, indicating that he was using it as a descriptive term rather than a scientific name. Valid publication of the basionym thus must be attributed to Urban and Gilg. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 504. | FNA vol. 12, p. 503. | ||||
Parent taxa | Loasaceae > Mentzelia > sect. Bartonia | Loasaceae > Mentzelia > sect. Bartonia | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Bartonia decapetala | M. pumila var. humilis, Nuttallia humilis, Touterea humilis | ||||
Name authority | (Pursh) Urban: Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 10: 263. (1892) | (Urban & Gilg) J. Darlington: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 21: 155. (1934) | ||||
Web links |