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false hellebore, Ozark bunch-flower, Wood's bunch-flower

Rhizomes

1.5–2 × 0.5–1 cm;

bulbs 1–1.6 cm.

Stems

1/2–2/3 floriferous, 0.7–1.5(–2) m.

Leaf

blades elliptic to oblanceolate, 20–50 × 3–10 cm, apex acute.

Inflorescences

3–6 dm;

terminal raceme 1–4 dm;

secondary racemes spreading to ascending, 0.6–1.2(–2.2) dm;

tertiary racemes rare;

bracts lanceolate to subulate, brownish green, 2–6(–9) mm, floccose abaxially, proximally, and marginally.

Capsules

elliptic-oblong, 18–25 × 10–15 mm, sparsely pubescent.

Seeds

8–13 × 4–6 mm (including wings).

Tepals

purplish maroon to chocolate brown adaxially, green abaxially, aging to dark green, obovate-oblanceolate, 5–10 × 1.8–4 mm, base gradually attenuate, not clawed, margins entire, apex obtuse;

glands dark purple to nearly black, obcuneate, not nectariferous;

stamens 4.5–6.5 mm;

filaments adnate to tepal bases, 0.3 mm from ovary base, dilated basally, 1/2 or more as wide as tepals at insertion point;

anthers 0.7 mm;

ovary conic-ovoid, finely tomentose, becoming glabrate;

styles 1.6–4 mm;

pedicel spreading to ascending, 2–11 mm.

2n

= 16.

Melanthium woodii

Phenology Flowering summer.
Habitat Rich, moist, deciduous forests
Elevation 10–800 m (0–2600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MO; NC; OH; OK; TN
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

The purplish maroon to chocolate-brown tepals and the tomentose young ovaries are distinguishing characteristics of Melanthium woodii. In parts of Illinois and the Ozark regions of Missouri and Arkansas, this species sometimes is locally common, but often in the leafy sterile condition. Flowering is sporadic and appears to be promoted by fire (J. E. Ebinger 1993).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 79.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Melanthium
Sibling taxa
M. latifolium, M. parviflorum, M. virginicum
Synonyms Veratrum woodii, Veratrum intermedium
Name authority (Robbins ex Alph. Wood) Bodkin: Novon 8: 332. (1998)
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