Medicago sativa |
Medicago monspeliaca |
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alfalfa, lucerne, purple medick |
hairy medic, hairy medick |
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Habit | Herbs: shoots glabrescent to pubescent, hairs eglandular [glandular]. | Herbs: shoots pubescent, hairs eglandular. | ||||||||
Stems | prostrate to erect. |
prostrate to ascending. |
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Leaflets | blades obovate to linear or oblanceolate, 5–35 × 2–15 mm, margins serrate distally. |
blades obovate, obovate-cuneate, oval, ovate, or globose, (3–)4–10(–13) × (2.5–)3–7(–10) mm, margins usually serrate, sometimes laciniate or incised, on distal 1/2–3/4. |
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Inflorescences | 3–30(–50)-flowered, racemes. |
4–18-flowered, capitate or subumbellate, with stellate flowers, deflexed fruits. |
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Flowers | 5–15 mm; calyx glabrous or pubescent, hairs eglandular or glandular, lobes equal to tube; corolla usually purple, yellow, or variegated yellow-violet, rarely violet, green, or white, [yellow-orange, pink], 2 times length of calyx. |
3.5–5 mm; calyx pubescent, hairs eglandular, lobes longer than tube; corolla yellow, slightly longer than calyx. |
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Legumes | curved or with 1.5–6 coils, falcate when curved, lenticular, ovoid, or cylindrical when coiled, 7–15 × 1.5–3 mm when falcate, 4–14 × 3–9 mm when coiled, glabrescent or pubescent with eglandular and/or glandular hairs; face veins (when coiled) oblique from ventral suture, slightly branched, fusing towards dorsal suture. |
linear, slightly compressed, 7–15(–25) × 1–2 mm, pubescent or glabrous, margin prickleless; faces with obliquely transverse, anastomosing, prominent veins. |
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Seeds | 2–12, yellow, brownish, greenish yellow, or violet-brown, reniform, 1–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm. |
4–10, yellow or yellow-brown, rhomboid-ovoid, 1–1.6 × 0.7–1.1 mm. |
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Stipules | margins entire or basally toothed. |
margins dentate to incised. |
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2n | = 16, 32. |
= 16. |
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Medicago sativa |
Medicago monspeliaca |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | |||||||||
Habitat | Fallow fields, roadsides. | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–1000 m. [0–3300 ft.] | |||||||||
Distribution |
n Mexico; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in West Indies, Central America, South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay), Pacific Islands, Australia]
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AL; MA; MD; NY; s Europe; c Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina, Chile), Australia] |
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Discussion | Subspecies 6 (3, including 1 hybrid, in the flora). Medicago sativa is the most widely grown of the temperate forage legumes. Wherever it is cultivated, escapes are likely to be found in the vicinity, and the species has become established in most countries. This polymorphic Old World species is complicated by polyploidy, hybridization, and domestication and has been divided by some (E. Small 2011) into several species (dozens, by some Russian taxonomists) and innumerable infraspecific taxa. The natural habitats of the wild progenitors of M. sativa in Asia (mostly in the former U.S.S.R.) are rapidly being decimated, and there is considerable danger that valuable genetic diversity is being lost. According to the literature cited below, the three subspecies in the flora region should be expected in all provinces and territories of Canada, and in all states. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Trigonella monspeliaca | |||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 778. (1753) | (Linnaeus) Trautvetter: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 8: 272. (1841) | ||||||||
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