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alfalfa, lucerne, purple medick

bur medic, bur medick, burclover, burr medick, goldfields or kaalgoorlie or least or little medic, little bur-clover, little medick, small bur clover

Habit Herbs: shoots glabrescent to pubescent, hairs eglandular [glandular]. Herbs: shoot pubescent, hairs eglandular and/or gland-tipped.
Stems

prostrate to erect.

ascending or procumbent.

Leaflets

blades obovate to linear or oblanceolate, 5–35 × 2–15 mm, margins serrate distally.

blades usually obovate, rarely oblanceolate, 5–8(–12) × 2–7 mm, margins serrate on distal 1/3.

Inflorescences

3–30(–50)-flowered, racemes.

2–5(–8)-flowered, racemes.

Flowers

5–15 mm;

calyx glabrous or pubescent, hairs eglandular or glandular, lobes equal to tube;

corolla usually purple, yellow, or variegated yellow-violet, rarely violet, green, or white, [yellow-orange, pink], 2 times length of calyx.

2–4.5(–6) mm;

calyx pubescent, hairs eglandular and/or glandular, lobes equal to tube;

corolla yellow, less than 2 times length of calyx.

Legumes

curved or with 1.5–6 coils, falcate when curved, lenticular, ovoid, or cylindrical when coiled, 7–15 × 1.5–3 mm when falcate, 4–14 × 3–9 mm when coiled, glabrescent or pubescent with eglandular and/or glandular hairs;

face veins (when coiled) oblique from ventral suture, slightly branched, fusing towards dorsal suture.

with 3–5 coils, discoid, cylindrical, or ovoid, 3–5 × 2.5–6 mm, hairs glandular and/or eglandular, margin usually prickly, sometimes tuberculate, prickles, when present, often relatively thin and flexible, base 2-rooted, 1 root arising in dorsal suture, other in submarginal vein;

faces soft, coil face with strongly curved, unbranched radial veins entering broad, veinless margin that occupies 1/3 outer radius of coil face.

Seeds

2–12, yellow, brownish, greenish yellow, or violet-brown, reniform, 1–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm.

3–10, yellow to light brown, somewhat reniform, 1.5–2.5 × 0.9–1.3 mm;

radicle 1/2 seed length.

Stipules

margins entire or basally toothed.

margins entire or minutely dentate at base.

2n

= 16, 32.

= 16.

Medicago sativa

Medicago minima

Phenology Flowering spring–summer.
Habitat Hillsides, fields, sand dunes, forest edges, rural sites.
Elevation 0–1400 m. (0–4600 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
n Mexico; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in West Indies, Central America, South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay), Pacific Islands, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AZ; CA; CT; FL; ID; KS; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NM; NY; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WA; Eurasia; Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina, Uruguay), Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 6 (3, including 1 hybrid, in the flora).

Medicago sativa is the most widely grown of the temperate forage legumes. Wherever it is cultivated, escapes are likely to be found in the vicinity, and the species has become established in most countries. This polymorphic Old World species is complicated by polyploidy, hybridization, and domestication and has been divided by some (E. Small 2011) into several species (dozens, by some Russian taxonomists) and innumerable infraspecific taxa. The natural habitats of the wild progenitors of M. sativa in Asia (mostly in the former U.S.S.R.) are rapidly being decimated, and there is considerable danger that valuable genetic diversity is being lost.

According to the literature cited below, the three subspecies in the flora region should be expected in all provinces and territories of Canada, and in all states.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Medicago minima has been only slightly developed to date for agricultural purposes, although in areas where it grows it is considered to be good forage. In Argentina and Australia, M. minima is an extremely important component of the rangelands used for livestock grazing. The first cultivar of M. minima to be registered (as ‘Devine’) was released in 2005 by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.

Medicago minima is most frequently confused with M. laciniata, but M. minima has much hairier foliage and much less dissected stipules.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Flowers usually purple, sometimes violet, not bicolored, very rarely white; legumes with at least 1.5 coils, usually 2–6.
subsp. sativa
1. Flowers yellow or variegated yellow-violet, rarely green or violet; legumes falcate or with fewer than 1.5 coils.
→ 2
2. Flowers yellow; legumes falcate, less than 0.5 coil.
subsp. falcata
2. Flowers usually variegated yellow-violet, sometimes green, yellow, or violet; legumes with 0.8–1.4 coils.
subsp. × varia
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Medicago > sect. Medicago Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Medicago > sect. Spirocarpos
Sibling taxa
M. arabica, M. laciniata, M. lupulina, M. minima, M. monspeliaca, M. orbicularis, M. polymorpha, M. praecox, M. rigidula, M. scutellata, M. truncatula, M. turbinata
M. arabica, M. laciniata, M. lupulina, M. monspeliaca, M. orbicularis, M. polymorpha, M. praecox, M. rigidula, M. sativa, M. scutellata, M. truncatula, M. turbinata
Subordinate taxa
M. sativa subsp. falcata, M. sativa subsp. sativa, M. sativa subsp. × varia
Synonyms M. polymorpha var. minima
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 778. (1753) (Linnaeus) Bartalini: Cat. Piante Siena, 61. (1776)
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