Flora of North America species comparison

usually procumbent, sometimes ascending.

procumbent to ascending.

blades obovate to obcordate, 2–7(–12) × 2–5(–10) mm, margin serrate on distal 1/3.

blades cuneate, obovate, or obcordate, 8–25 × 7–20 mm, margins serrate on distal 1/3, often with conspicuous central, purple-red (anthocyanin) blotch adaxially.

1- or 2-flowered, usually 1 ripe pod remaining on peduncle, umbels or racemes.

(1 or)2–5(–8)-flowered, racemes.

2–4 mm;

calyx pubescent, hairs eglandular, lobes mostly equal to tube;

corolla yellow, slightly longer than calyx.

4–5(–6) mm;

calyx pubescent, hairs eglandular, sometimes multicellular and gland-tipped, lobes equal to or longer than tube;

corolla yellow, 2 times length of calyx.

with 2.5–4(–5) coils, short-cylindrical, 2–4(–5) × 2–3 mm, usually pubescent with eglandular hairs, rarely glabrescent, margin prickly, prickles often relatively thin and flexible, base 2-rooted, 1 root arising in dorsal suture, other in submarginal vein;

faces soft, coil face with very strongly curving radial veins that branch slightly and enter broad lateral vein near dorsal suture.

with 3–5(–7) coils, shortly ellipsoid to subglobose (ends rounded), or discoid to cylindriform (ends flattened), (4–)5–9 × (4–)5–7(–8) mm, glabrous, margin usually prickly, sometimes tuberculate, prickles, when present, often relatively thin and flexible, base 2-rooted, 1 root arising in dorsal suture, other in submarginal vein;

faces soft, coil face with venation anastomosing considerably on outer 1/3, coil edge in end view shows central groove flanked by lateral grooves to form pattern of 3 grooves separating 4 ridges, not visible in side view of coil.

yellow or brownish yellow, reniform, 1.7–2.4 × 0.9–1.3 mm;

radicle usually slightly less than 1/2 seed length.

2+, yellow or yellow-brown, reniform, 2–3.5 × 1.2–1.5 mm;

radicle usually slightly more than 1/2 seed length.

margins dentate, incised, or lacerate.

margins deeply dentate to lobed.

= 14.

= 16.