Flora of North America species comparison

procumbent to ascending.

usually procumbent, sometimes ascending.

blades cuneate, obovate, or obcordate, 8–25 × 7–20 mm, margins serrate on distal 1/3, often with conspicuous central, purple-red (anthocyanin) blotch adaxially.

blades obovate to obcordate, 2–7(–12) × 2–5(–10) mm, margin serrate on distal 1/3.

(1 or)2–5(–8)-flowered, racemes.

1- or 2-flowered, usually 1 ripe pod remaining on peduncle, umbels or racemes.

4–5(–6) mm;

calyx pubescent, hairs eglandular, sometimes multicellular and gland-tipped, lobes equal to or longer than tube;

corolla yellow, 2 times length of calyx.

2–4 mm;

calyx pubescent, hairs eglandular, lobes mostly equal to tube;

corolla yellow, slightly longer than calyx.

with 3–5(–7) coils, shortly ellipsoid to subglobose (ends rounded), or discoid to cylindriform (ends flattened), (4–)5–9 × (4–)5–7(–8) mm, glabrous, margin usually prickly, sometimes tuberculate, prickles, when present, often relatively thin and flexible, base 2-rooted, 1 root arising in dorsal suture, other in submarginal vein;

faces soft, coil face with venation anastomosing considerably on outer 1/3, coil edge in end view shows central groove flanked by lateral grooves to form pattern of 3 grooves separating 4 ridges, not visible in side view of coil.

with 2.5–4(–5) coils, short-cylindrical, 2–4(–5) × 2–3 mm, usually pubescent with eglandular hairs, rarely glabrescent, margin prickly, prickles often relatively thin and flexible, base 2-rooted, 1 root arising in dorsal suture, other in submarginal vein;

faces soft, coil face with very strongly curving radial veins that branch slightly and enter broad lateral vein near dorsal suture.

2+, yellow or yellow-brown, reniform, 2–3.5 × 1.2–1.5 mm;

radicle usually slightly more than 1/2 seed length.

yellow or brownish yellow, reniform, 1.7–2.4 × 0.9–1.3 mm;

radicle usually slightly less than 1/2 seed length.

margins deeply dentate to lobed.

margins dentate, incised, or lacerate.

= 16.

= 14.