Manfreda virginica |
Manfreda maculosa |
|
---|---|---|
false aloe, rattlesnake master, Virginian agave |
amole plant, huaco, soap plant, spice-lily, wild-tuberose |
|
Rhizomes | cylindrical. |
cylindrical. |
Leaves | spreading, semisucculent, 8–40(–47) × 0.5–6.5(–9.3) cm; blade usually spotted or speckled with maroon, shallowly channeled, oblanceolate to linear-lanceolate, margins entire or with cartilaginous prickles. |
sprawling, succulent, to 36 × 0.6–2.5 cm; blade spotted with green or brown, glaucous, channeled, linear-lanceolate, brittle, margins with small, sparse, cartilaginous teeth. |
Scape | 4.5 13.8 dm. |
4.2–13.1 dm. |
Inflorescences | 14–68 cm, bearing 10–61 closely spaced flowers. |
open, to 4 dm, 7–33-flowered. |
Flowers | sessile or pedicellate, nearly erect, slender, with sweet, fruity odor; tepals green; perianth tube 0.9–2.3 × 0.3–0.6 cm; limb lobes erect, 0.4–0.8 cm; filaments inserted near base of tube, bent in bud, exceeding tube by 1.2–3.1 cm; ovary 4–10 mm; style shorter than stamens, exceeding tube by 0.6–2.3 cm; stigma white, 3-lobed, lobes reflexed. |
erect, usually sessile, with strong, sweet odor; tepals pale yellow or white, becoming pink to rose; perianth tube funnelform, equal to or longer than ovary, 0.6–2.6 cm; limb lobes recurved, 0.9–1.9 × 0.3–0.5 cm; filaments bent near tip in bud, inserted near top of tube, exceeding tube by 0.8–2.2 cm; ovary 6–19 mm; style exceeding tube by 0.5–2.2 cm, usually shorter than stamens; stigma white, not clavate, deeply 3-lobed, lobes reflexed. |
Capsules | globose, 1–1.7 cm diam. 2n = 60. |
ellipsoid, 1.1–2.4 × 1–1.5 cm. |
Manfreda virginica |
Manfreda maculosa |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer–late summer, rarely in spring; fruiting late summer–early fall. | Flowering spring–early fall. |
Habitat | Glades and open woods, on rocky and sandy soils, often on slopes | Sandy or clay soils, in mesquite scrubland, in dry or moist sites |
Elevation | 0–600 m (0–2000 ft) | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; OH; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas)
|
TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas) |
Discussion | Leaf shape and size in Manfreda virginica vary with soil type, amount of shade, length of cold period, and position of leaf in the rosette. Speckles and spots occur frequently on some leaves in most populations, and some authors have used the informal designation “forma tigrina for such variants. Pollination is primarily by sphinx moths (S. E. Verhoek 1978). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Chopped rhizomes of Manfreda maculosa have been used as a source of soap and shampoo in Texas, and plants are occasionally sold as ornamentals (S. E. Verhoek 1978b). Leaf size varies with growing conditions; flower size and ratio of floral parts are variable. The epithet maculata, which properly applies to a different Mexican species, has been used erroneously for this species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 463. | FNA vol. 26, p. 464. |
Parent taxa | Agavaceae > Manfreda | Agavaceae > Manfreda |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Agave virginica, Agave lata, Agave tigrina, Agave virginica var. tigrina, M. tigrina, M. virginica subsp. lata, M. virginica var. tigrina, Polianthes lata, Polianthes virginica | Agave maculosa, Agave maculosa var. brevituba, Agave maculosa var. minor, Polianthes maculosa |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Salisbury ex Rose: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8: 19. (1903) | (Hooker) Rose: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8: 17. (1903) |
Web links |